Abstract
Une régression polynomiale non-paramétrique (méthode LOESS) appliquée aux précipitations annuelles de Maïné-Soroa (SE Niger) montre trois périodes : humide (1950-1967), aride (1968-1993), semi-aride (1994-2005). L'utilisation de la transformée en ondelettes continues permet de séparer la variabilité interne (haute fréquence) et la variabilité forcée (basse fréquence). Nous avons pu mettre en évidence sept modes de fréquence localisés dans le temps : deux modes intra-saisonniers (4-9jrs, 16-20jrs), deux modes saisonniers (6 mois, 1an), deux modes pluriannuels (2-4ans et 5-8ans) et un mode quasi-décennal (12-18ans). Lors du régime humide, on retrouve une forte variance des modes saisonniers liés à la ZCIT et des modes pluriannuels se succédant dans le temps (5-8ans puis 2-4ans) en liaison avec les températures de l'Atlantique Tropical Nord (TNA) puis avec l'Anticyclone des Açores. Ces modes basses fréquences sont synchrones avec une activité convective mature (mode 4-9jrs) et l'apparition d'une perturbation (mode 16-20jrs) lors de la transition entre la phase océanique et la phase continentale de la mousson. Au contraire, lors des années arides on retrouve le mode quasi-décennal, en lien avec les températures de l'Atlantique Tropical Sud (TSA), forçant une activité convective peu développée et perturbée au coeur de la phase continentale.
A non-parametric polynomial regression applied to the Maine-Soroa annual rainfall timeseries reveals three periods: wet (1950-1967), arid (1968-1993) and semi-arid (1994-2005). Continuous Wavelet Transform allows crossing internal variability (high frequency) and forcing variability (low frequency). We could reveal seven frequency modes highly localized in time: two intraseasonal modes (4-9 days, 16-20 days), two seasonal modes (6mo, 1yr), two interannuals modes (2- 4yrs, 5-8yrs) and one quasidecadal mode (12-18yrs). During wet period, we notice a strong variance across seasonal modes in relation to ITCZ and the two interannual modes succeeding in time (5-8yrs then 2-4yrs) in connection with the Tropical North Atlantic temperatures (TNA) then Azores high. At the same time, we notice great convective activity (4-9days) and the oceanic/continental transition phase disturbation (16-20days). During the arid period, we notice the quasidecadal mode in relation with the Tropical South Atlantic temperatures (TSA), forcing a weak convective activity and disturbed in the medium of the continental phase.
A non-parametric polynomial regression applied to the Maine-Soroa annual rainfall timeseries reveals three periods: wet (1950-1967), arid (1968-1993) and semi-arid (1994-2005). Continuous Wavelet Transform allows crossing internal variability (high frequency) and forcing variability (low frequency). We could reveal seven frequency modes highly localized in time: two intraseasonal modes (4-9 days, 16-20 days), two seasonal modes (6mo, 1yr), two interannuals modes (2- 4yrs, 5-8yrs) and one quasidecadal mode (12-18yrs). During wet period, we notice a strong variance across seasonal modes in relation to ITCZ and the two interannual modes succeeding in time (5-8yrs then 2-4yrs) in connection with the Tropical North Atlantic temperatures (TNA) then Azores high. At the same time, we notice great convective activity (4-9days) and the oceanic/continental transition phase disturbation (16-20days). During the arid period, we notice the quasidecadal mode in relation with the Tropical South Atlantic temperatures (TSA), forcing a weak convective activity and disturbed in the medium of the continental phase.
Translated title of the contribution | Rainfall variability in the Central Sahel and climate forcing by signal analysis: Maïné-Soroa station (SE Niger) over the period 1950-2005 |
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Original language | French |
Pages (from-to) | 27-35 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | PANGEA |
Volume | 47/48 |
Publication status | Published - 2013 |