Utilising expertise to manage dynamic urban risks

Managing risk is usually multi-dimensional and frequently controversial, since a focus on one element may lead to outcomes that are unpopular with other stakeholders, who may have different agendas, objectives or motivations. This requires that judgements be made, which in many situations require expertise, which is hard won and specific. In some cases, however, the role of experts has been controversial, with other stakeholders challenging the basis on which decisions are made. In other instances management systems or standard operating procedures may hamper discretion. Effective risk management requires that the correct expertise is identified, recruited or developed and sufficiently supported by management practice, including training. It is important, but frequently challenging, to demonstrate that this is undertaken in a reasonable and defendable manner. The paper draws together a number of different concepts and evaluates their impact on the design of robust policy positions that may address the concerns that urban stakeholders may have in developing an appropriate and proportionate response to risks.