Ultrasound assisted electrodeposition of Zn and Zn-TiO2 coatings

Magali K. Camargo; Ignacio Tudela; Udo Schmidt; Andrew J. Cobley; Andreas Bund

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.078

Ultrasound assisted electrodeposition of Zn and Zn-TiO2 coatings

Magali K. Camargo, Ignacio Tudela, Udo Schmidt, Andrew J. Cobley, Andreas Bund

Technische Universität Ilmenau

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Pristine Zn and Zn-TiO2 coatings were galvanostatically electrodeposited on steel substrates from additive-free chloride-based plating baths under silent and ultrasonic conditions. An ultrasonic bath-setup (38 kHz) was used as a sonoelectrochemical system. The influence of ultrasonic irradiation on the layer properties was investigated using different combinations of ultrasonic power and current density. In general, the use of ultrasonic irradiation for assisting the electrodeposition of pristine Zn and Zn-TiO2 layers does have impact on the morphological and structural properties of the electrodeposits. The use of ultrasonic irradiation for dispersing particles during the electro-codeposition process was shown to be beneficial provided the use of suitable ultrasonic and deposition parameters. The incorporation of particles into the metallic matrix was confirmed with glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy investigations and focused-ion-beam-assisted cross-sectional analysis. The presence of TiO2 agglomerates having smaller sizes as well as a better distribution in the metallic matrix was observed for the combination of ultrasonic agitation and high-speed electrodeposition. Pyramidal textures corresponding to the (101), (102), (103) and (112) planes were found characteristic for Zn layers having incorporated TiO2 particles. One aspect of using ultrasonic agitation during electroplating is that Zn layers might also be prone to cavitation/erosion phenomena. Nevertheless, this effect can be controlled by adjusting the ultrasonic power as well as the ultrasonic irradiation time.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	287–295
Number of pages	9
Journal	Electrochimica Acta
Volume	198
Early online date	15 Mar 2016
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.078
Publication status	Published - 20 Apr 2016

Bibliographical note

NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Electrochimica Acta. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Electrochimica Acta, VOL 198, 2016 DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.078

© 2016, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Keywords

ultrasound assisted electrodeposition
metal matrix composite coatings
particle incorporation
Zn-TiO2
GD-OES

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10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.078

Post-PrintAccepted author manuscript, 2.02 MBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

Andrew Cobley
- Centre for Manufacturing and Materials - Professor of Electrochemical Deposition
Person: Teaching and Research

Cite this

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title = "Ultrasound assisted electrodeposition of Zn and Zn-TiO2 coatings",

abstract = "Pristine Zn and Zn-TiO2 coatings were galvanostatically electrodeposited on steel substrates from additive-free chloride-based plating baths under silent and ultrasonic conditions. An ultrasonic bath-setup (38 kHz) was used as a sonoelectrochemical system. The influence of ultrasonic irradiation on the layer properties was investigated using different combinations of ultrasonic power and current density. In general, the use of ultrasonic irradiation for assisting the electrodeposition of pristine Zn and Zn-TiO2 layers does have impact on the morphological and structural properties of the electrodeposits. The use of ultrasonic irradiation for dispersing particles during the electro-codeposition process was shown to be beneficial provided the use of suitable ultrasonic and deposition parameters. The incorporation of particles into the metallic matrix was confirmed with glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy investigations and focused-ion-beam-assisted cross-sectional analysis. The presence of TiO2 agglomerates having smaller sizes as well as a better distribution in the metallic matrix was observed for the combination of ultrasonic agitation and high-speed electrodeposition. Pyramidal textures corresponding to the (101), (102), (103) and (112) planes were found characteristic for Zn layers having incorporated TiO2 particles. One aspect of using ultrasonic agitation during electroplating is that Zn layers might also be prone to cavitation/erosion phenomena. Nevertheless, this effect can be controlled by adjusting the ultrasonic power as well as the ultrasonic irradiation time.",

keywords = "ultrasound assisted electrodeposition, metal matrix composite coatings, particle incorporation, Zn-TiO2, GD-OES",

author = "Camargo, {Magali K.} and Ignacio Tudela and Udo Schmidt and Cobley, {Andrew J.} and Andreas Bund",

note = "NOTICE: this is the author{\textquoteright}s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Electrochimica Acta. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Electrochimica Acta, VOL 198, 2016 DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.078 {\textcopyright} 2016, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ",

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AU - Camargo, Magali K.

AU - Tudela, Ignacio

AU - Schmidt, Udo

AU - Cobley, Andrew J.

AU - Bund, Andreas

N1 - NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Electrochimica Acta. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Electrochimica Acta, VOL 198, 2016 DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.078 © 2016, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

PY - 2016/4/20

Y1 - 2016/4/20

N2 - Pristine Zn and Zn-TiO2 coatings were galvanostatically electrodeposited on steel substrates from additive-free chloride-based plating baths under silent and ultrasonic conditions. An ultrasonic bath-setup (38 kHz) was used as a sonoelectrochemical system. The influence of ultrasonic irradiation on the layer properties was investigated using different combinations of ultrasonic power and current density. In general, the use of ultrasonic irradiation for assisting the electrodeposition of pristine Zn and Zn-TiO2 layers does have impact on the morphological and structural properties of the electrodeposits. The use of ultrasonic irradiation for dispersing particles during the electro-codeposition process was shown to be beneficial provided the use of suitable ultrasonic and deposition parameters. The incorporation of particles into the metallic matrix was confirmed with glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy investigations and focused-ion-beam-assisted cross-sectional analysis. The presence of TiO2 agglomerates having smaller sizes as well as a better distribution in the metallic matrix was observed for the combination of ultrasonic agitation and high-speed electrodeposition. Pyramidal textures corresponding to the (101), (102), (103) and (112) planes were found characteristic for Zn layers having incorporated TiO2 particles. One aspect of using ultrasonic agitation during electroplating is that Zn layers might also be prone to cavitation/erosion phenomena. Nevertheless, this effect can be controlled by adjusting the ultrasonic power as well as the ultrasonic irradiation time.

AB - Pristine Zn and Zn-TiO2 coatings were galvanostatically electrodeposited on steel substrates from additive-free chloride-based plating baths under silent and ultrasonic conditions. An ultrasonic bath-setup (38 kHz) was used as a sonoelectrochemical system. The influence of ultrasonic irradiation on the layer properties was investigated using different combinations of ultrasonic power and current density. In general, the use of ultrasonic irradiation for assisting the electrodeposition of pristine Zn and Zn-TiO2 layers does have impact on the morphological and structural properties of the electrodeposits. The use of ultrasonic irradiation for dispersing particles during the electro-codeposition process was shown to be beneficial provided the use of suitable ultrasonic and deposition parameters. The incorporation of particles into the metallic matrix was confirmed with glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy investigations and focused-ion-beam-assisted cross-sectional analysis. The presence of TiO2 agglomerates having smaller sizes as well as a better distribution in the metallic matrix was observed for the combination of ultrasonic agitation and high-speed electrodeposition. Pyramidal textures corresponding to the (101), (102), (103) and (112) planes were found characteristic for Zn layers having incorporated TiO2 particles. One aspect of using ultrasonic agitation during electroplating is that Zn layers might also be prone to cavitation/erosion phenomena. Nevertheless, this effect can be controlled by adjusting the ultrasonic power as well as the ultrasonic irradiation time.

KW - ultrasound assisted electrodeposition

KW - metal matrix composite coatings

KW - particle incorporation

KW - Zn-TiO2

KW - GD-OES

U2 - 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.078

DO - 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.078

M3 - Article

SN - 0013-4686

VL - 198

SP - 287

EP - 295

JO - Electrochimica Acta

JF - Electrochimica Acta

ER -

Ultrasound assisted electrodeposition of Zn and Zn-TiO2 coatings

Abstract

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