Toward a function realization of multi-scale modeling for lithium-ion battery based on CHAIN framework

As the most mature portable power source, lithium-ion battery has become the mainstream of power source for electric vehicles (EVs) by virtue of its high energy density, long cycle life and relatively low cost. However, an excellent battery management system remained to be a problem for the operational states monitoring and safety guarantee for EVs. In this paper, a function realization of multi-scale modeling is proposed based on cyber hierarchy and interactional network framework, realizing basic functions such as multi-scale mapping and cloud-based modeling. Furthermore, to solve the problem of limited computing capability of the conventional vehicle-end battery management system, the novel system consists of hierarchies of side, edge and cloud, which are designed to take on different computing tasks methodically and swap data iteratively, providing specific services for drivers, enterprise users, etc. Due to a series of promising features, this system has a large range of application scenarios as well as some critical bottlenecks, which will be discussed at the end of the article.Please check and confirm ''D.-B. Shan'' is correctly identified in author group.It's not correct. There is no "D.-B. Shan" in author group, please just remove it Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]