The PRISMS taxonomy of self-management support: derivation of a novel taxonomy and initial testing of its utility

Background: Supporting self-management is a core response of health care systems globally to the increasing prevalence of long-term conditions. Lack of a comprehensive taxonomy (or classification) of self-management support components hinders characterisation and, ultimately, understanding of these frequently complex, multi-component interventions. Objective: To develop a comprehensive, descriptive taxonomy of self-management support components. Methods: Components were derived from the 969 unique RCTs described in the 102 systematic reviews, and 61 implementation trials, examining 14 diverse long-term conditions included in the PRISMS (Practical Reviews In Self-Management Support) project followed by discussion at an expert stakeholder workshop. The utility of the taxonomy was then tested using a self-management support intervention for cancer survivors. Results: The PRISMS taxonomy comprises 14 components that might be used to support self-management (e.g., information about condition/management, provision of equipment, social support), when delivered to someone with a long-term condition or their carer. Overarching dimensions are delivery mode; personnel delivering the support; intervention targeting; and intensity, frequency and duration of the intervention. The taxonomy does not consider the effectiveness or otherwise of the different components or the overarching dimensions. Conclusions: The PRISMS taxonomy offers a framework to researchers describing self-management support interventions, to reviewers synthesising evidence and to developers of health services for people with long-term conditions.