The influence of system transparency on trust: Evaluating interfaces in a highly automated vehicle

Luis Oliveira; Christopher Burns; Jacob Luton; Sumeet Iyer; Stewart Birrell

doi:10.1016/j.trf.2020.06.001

The influence of system transparency on trust: Evaluating interfaces in a highly automated vehicle

Luis Oliveira, Christopher Burns, Jacob Luton, Sumeet Iyer, Stewart Birrell

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

29 Citations (Scopus)

189 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Previous studies indicate that, if an automated vehicle communicates its system status and intended behaviour, it could increase user trust and acceptance. However, it is still unclear what types of interfaces will better portray this type of information. The present study evaluated different configurations of screens comparing how they communicated the possible hazards in the environment (e.g. vulnerable road users), and vehicle behaviours (e.g. intended trajectory). These interfaces were presented in a fully automated vehicle tested by 25 participants in an indoor arena. Surveys and interviews measured trust, usability and experience after users were driven by an automated low-speed pod. Participants experienced four types of interfaces, from a simple journey tracker to a windscreen-wide augmented reality (AR) interface which overlays hazards highlighted in the environment and the trajectory of the vehicle. A combination of the survey and interview data showed a clear preference for the AR windscreen and an animated representation of the environment. The trust in the vehicle featuring these interfaces was significantly higher than pretrial measurements. However, some users questioned if they want to see this information all the time. One additional result was that some users felt motion sick when presented with the more engaging content. This paper provides recommendations for the design of interfaces with the potential to improve trust and user experience within highly automated vehicles.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	280-296
Number of pages	17
Journal	Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour
Volume	72
Early online date	30 Jun 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2020.06.001
Publication status	Published - Jul 2020

Bibliographical note

NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 72, (2020)
DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2020.06.001

© 2017, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Funder

Innovate UK Grant competition code: 1407_CRD1_TRANS_DCAR.

Keywords

Automated vehicles
System transparency
Trust in automation
User experience

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Civil and Structural Engineering
Automotive Engineering
Transportation
Applied Psychology

Access to Document

10.1016/j.trf.2020.06.001

Post-PrintAccepted author manuscript, 1.53 MBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369847820304381

Cite this

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title = "The influence of system transparency on trust: Evaluating interfaces in a highly automated vehicle",

abstract = "Previous studies indicate that, if an automated vehicle communicates its system status and intended behaviour, it could increase user trust and acceptance. However, it is still unclear what types of interfaces will better portray this type of information. The present study evaluated different configurations of screens comparing how they communicated the possible hazards in the environment (e.g. vulnerable road users), and vehicle behaviours (e.g. intended trajectory). These interfaces were presented in a fully automated vehicle tested by 25 participants in an indoor arena. Surveys and interviews measured trust, usability and experience after users were driven by an automated low-speed pod. Participants experienced four types of interfaces, from a simple journey tracker to a windscreen-wide augmented reality (AR) interface which overlays hazards highlighted in the environment and the trajectory of the vehicle. A combination of the survey and interview data showed a clear preference for the AR windscreen and an animated representation of the environment. The trust in the vehicle featuring these interfaces was significantly higher than pretrial measurements. However, some users questioned if they want to see this information all the time. One additional result was that some users felt motion sick when presented with the more engaging content. This paper provides recommendations for the design of interfaces with the potential to improve trust and user experience within highly automated vehicles.",

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author = "Luis Oliveira and Christopher Burns and Jacob Luton and Sumeet Iyer and Stewart Birrell",

note = "NOTICE: this is the author{\textquoteright}s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 72, (2020) DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2020.06.001 {\textcopyright} 2017, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ",

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The influence of system transparency on trust: Evaluating interfaces in a highly automated vehicle

Abstract

Bibliographical note

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Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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