The effects of capsinoids supplementation on body composition and anthropometric measures: A systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background & aims: The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of capsinoids on body mass index (BMI), body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), visceral fat area (VFA), and percentage body fat (PBF). Methods: Four databases were searched from inception to November 2020 using relevant keywords. All clinical trials investigating the effects of capsinoids supplementation on body composition and anthropometric measures were retained. Results: Overall, 19 effect sizes and 13 trials with a total sample size of 838 participants were included. Capsinoids supplementation had no effect on BW (P = 0.230), BMI (P = 0.182), WC (P = 0.611), FM (P = 0.946), FFM (P = 0.917), WHR (P = 0.599), VFA (P = 0.836), and PBF (P = 0.973). Findings from subgroup analysis revealed a significant reduction in BW in trials conducted on overweight participants, and lasted ≥12 weeks, However, no significant non-linear associations were found between capsinoids supplementation dosage and study duration with both BW (For dosage: P_{non-linearity} = 0.527, for duration: P_{non-linearity} = 0.410) and BMI (For dosage: P_{non-linearity} = 0.308, for duration: P_{non-linearity} = 0.578). Conclusion: Capsinoids supplementation has no significant effect on obesity indicators. However, capsinoids in trials conducted on overweight participants, and lasted ≥12 weeks may have a significant and modest reduction in BW. Well-designed RCTs with larger sample size and longer duration are needed to confirm these results.