Supported self-management for people with type 2 diabetes: a meta-review of quantitative systematic reviews

Mireille Captieux, Gemma Pearce, Hannah Parke, Eleni Epiphaniou, Sarah Wild, Stephanie Taylor, Hilary Pinnock

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    Abstract

    OBJECTIVES Self-management support aims to give people with chronic disease confidence to actively manage their disease, in partnership with their healthcare provider. A meta-review can inform policy makers and healthcare managers about the effectiveness of self-management support strategies for people with type 2 diabetes, and which interventions work best and for whom? DESIGN A meta-review of systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was performed adapting Cochrane methodology. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Eight databases were searched for systematic reviews of RCTs from January 1993 to October 2016, with a pre-publication update in April 2017. Forward citation was performed on included reviews in ISI Proceedings. We extracted data and assessed quality with R-AMSTAR. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Glycaemic control (HbA1c) was the primary outcome. Body Mass Index, lipid profiles, blood pressure and quality of life scoring were secondary outcomes. Meta-analyses reporting HbA1c were summarised in meta-forest plots; other outcomes were synthesised narratively. RESULTS 41 systematic reviews incorporating data from 459 unique RCTs in diverse socio-economic and ethnic communities across 33 countries were included. R-AMSTAR quality score ranged from 20 to 42 (maximum 44). Apart from one outlier, the majority of reviews found an HbA1c improvement between 0.2-0.6% (2.2-6.5mmol/mol) at 6 months post-intervention, but attenuated at 12 and 24 months. Impact on secondary outcomes was inconsistent and generally non-significant. Diverse self-management support strategies were employed; no single approach appeared optimally effective (or ineffective). Effective programmes tended to be multi-component and provide adequate contact time (>10 hours). Technology-facilitated self-management support showed similar impact to traditional approaches (HbA1c MD -0.21% to -0.6%). CONCLUSIONS Self-management interventions using a range of approaches improve short-term glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes including culturally diverse populations. These findings can inform researchers, policy-makers and healthcare professionals re-evaluating provision of self-management support in routine care. Further research should consider implementation and sustainability.
    Original languageEnglish
    Article numbere024262
    Number of pages11
    JournalBMJ Open
    Volume8
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 14 Dec 2018

    Bibliographical note

    © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.
    This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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    Funder

    PRISMS was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research Programme (project number 11/1014/04). HP was supported by a Primary Care Research Career Award from the Chief Scientist’s Office of the Scottish Government at the time of the PRISMS study. MC is supported by an Academic Fellowship in General Practice from the Scottish School of Primary Care.

    Keywords

    • supported self-management
    • type 2 diabetes
    • systematic review
    • Randomised Controlled Trial
    • meta-review
    • overview

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • General Medicine
    • General Psychology

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