Sonochemically enhanced Ullmann reactions

J. Lindley; T. J. Mason; J. P. Lorimer

doi:10.1016/0041-624X(87)90011-4

Sonochemically enhanced Ullmann reactions

J. Lindley, T. J. Mason, J. P. Lorimer

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

55 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

During the Ullmann coupling reaction of 2-iodonitrobenzene in the presence of a four-fold excess of copper in DMF, the reaction rate increases 50-fold when ultrasound is introduced via a tapered microtip (diameter 1 16in). If a stud (diameter 1 2in) is used the rate increases 64-fold. Electron microscopy and particle size analysis show that sonication reduces the average particle size of copper by a factor of four. However, this alone is insufficient to explain the increase in reaction rate. Replacement of DMF by decalin or toluene was found to lead to substantial reductions in rate.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	45-48
Number of pages	4
Journal	Ultrasonics
Volume	25
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-624X(87)90011-4
Publication status	Published - Jan 1987

Keywords

reaction mechanisms
sonochemistry
Ullmann coupling

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Acoustics and Ultrasonics

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10.1016/0041-624X(87)90011-4

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title = "Sonochemically enhanced Ullmann reactions",

abstract = "During the Ullmann coupling reaction of 2-iodonitrobenzene in the presence of a four-fold excess of copper in DMF, the reaction rate increases 50-fold when ultrasound is introduced via a tapered microtip (diameter 1 16in). If a stud (diameter 1 2in) is used the rate increases 64-fold. Electron microscopy and particle size analysis show that sonication reduces the average particle size of copper by a factor of four. However, this alone is insufficient to explain the increase in reaction rate. Replacement of DMF by decalin or toluene was found to lead to substantial reductions in rate.",

keywords = "reaction mechanisms, sonochemistry, Ullmann coupling",

author = "J. Lindley and Mason, \{T. J.\} and Lorimer, \{J. P.\}",

year = "1987",

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AU - Lindley, J.

AU - Mason, T. J.

AU - Lorimer, J. P.

PY - 1987/1

Y1 - 1987/1

N2 - During the Ullmann coupling reaction of 2-iodonitrobenzene in the presence of a four-fold excess of copper in DMF, the reaction rate increases 50-fold when ultrasound is introduced via a tapered microtip (diameter 1 16in). If a stud (diameter 1 2in) is used the rate increases 64-fold. Electron microscopy and particle size analysis show that sonication reduces the average particle size of copper by a factor of four. However, this alone is insufficient to explain the increase in reaction rate. Replacement of DMF by decalin or toluene was found to lead to substantial reductions in rate.

AB - During the Ullmann coupling reaction of 2-iodonitrobenzene in the presence of a four-fold excess of copper in DMF, the reaction rate increases 50-fold when ultrasound is introduced via a tapered microtip (diameter 1 16in). If a stud (diameter 1 2in) is used the rate increases 64-fold. Electron microscopy and particle size analysis show that sonication reduces the average particle size of copper by a factor of four. However, this alone is insufficient to explain the increase in reaction rate. Replacement of DMF by decalin or toluene was found to lead to substantial reductions in rate.

KW - reaction mechanisms

KW - sonochemistry

KW - Ullmann coupling

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/0022476514

U2 - 10.1016/0041-624X(87)90011-4

DO - 10.1016/0041-624X(87)90011-4

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:0022476514

SN - 0041-624X

VL - 25

SP - 45

EP - 48

JO - Ultrasonics

JF - Ultrasonics

IS - 1

ER -

Sonochemically enhanced Ullmann reactions

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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