Programming and supervision of resistance training leads to positive effects on strength and body composition: results from two randomised trials of community fitness programmes.

Steven Mann; Alfonso Jimenez; James Steele; Sara Domone; Matthew Wade; Chris Beedie

doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5289-9

Programming and supervision of resistance training leads to positive effects on strength and body composition: results from two randomised trials of community fitness programmes.

Steven Mann, Alfonso Jimenez, James Steele, Sara Domone, Matthew Wade, Chris Beedie

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

14 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

Background:
Many sedentary adults have high body fat along with low fitness, strength, and lean body mass (LBM) which are associated with poor health independently of body mass. Physical activity can aid in prevention, management, and treatment of numerous chronic conditions. The potential efficacy of resistance training (RT) in modifying risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic disease is clear. However, RT is under researched in public health. We report community-based studies of RT in sedentary (Study 1), and overweight and pre-diabetic (Study 2) populations.
Trial Design:
Study 1: A semi-randomised trial design. Study 2: A randomised wait-list controlled trial.
Methods:
Study 1 (48-weeks): Participants choosing either a fitness centre approach, and randomised to structured-exercise (STRUC, n=107), or free/unstructured gym use (FREE, n=110), or not, and randomised to physical-activity-counselling (PAC, n=71) or a measurement only comparator (CONT, n=76). Study 2 (12-weeks): Patients were randomly assigned to; traditional-supervised-exercise (STRUC, n=30), physical-activity-counselling (PAC, n=23), either combined (COMB, n=39), or a wait-list comparator (CONT, n=54). Outcomes for both were BF mass (kg), LBM (kg), BF percentage (%), and strength.
Results:
Study 1: One-way ANCOVA revealed significant between group effects for BF% and LBM, but not for BF mass or strength. Post hoc paired comparisons revealed significantly greater change in LBM for the STRUC group compared with the CONT group. Within group changes using 95%CIs revealed significant changes only in the STRUC group for both BF% (-4.1 to -0.9%) and LBM (0.1 to 4.5 kg), and in FREE (8.2 to 28.5 kg) and STRUC (5.9 to 26.0 kg) for strength.
Study 2: One-way ANCOVA did not reveal significant between group effects for strength, BF%, BF mass, or LBM. For strength, 95%CIs revealed significant within group changes for the STRUC (2.4 to 14.1 kg) and COMB (3.7 to 15.0 kg) groups.
Conclusion:
Strength increased in both studies across all RT treatments compared to controls, yet significant improvements in both strength and body-composition occurred only in programmed and/or supervised RT. As general increases in physical activity have limited impact upon body-composition, public health practitioners should structure interventions to include progressive RT.

Original language	English
Article number	420
Number of pages	11
Journal	BMC Public Health
Volume	18
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5289-9
Publication status	Published - 27 Mar 2018

Bibliographical note

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Keywords

Resistance training;
body composition;
exercise treatment;
Health status

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1186/s12889-018-5289-9Licence: CC BY

PublishedFinal published version, 989 KBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

@article{9a723c0e0bc94613bafd7bbba0574a41,

title = "Programming and supervision of resistance training leads to positive effects on strength and body composition: results from two randomised trials of community fitness programmes.",

abstract = "Background:Many sedentary adults have high body fat along with low fitness, strength, and lean body mass (LBM) which are associated with poor health independently of body mass. Physical activity can aid in prevention, management, and treatment of numerous chronic conditions. The potential efficacy of resistance training (RT) in modifying risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic disease is clear. However, RT is under researched in public health. We report community-based studies of RT in sedentary (Study 1), and overweight and pre-diabetic (Study 2) populations.Trial Design: Study 1: A semi-randomised trial design. Study 2: A randomised wait-list controlled trial.Methods:Study 1 (48-weeks): Participants choosing either a fitness centre approach, and randomised to structured-exercise (STRUC, n=107), or free/unstructured gym use (FREE, n=110), or not, and randomised to physical-activity-counselling (PAC, n=71) or a measurement only comparator (CONT, n=76). Study 2 (12-weeks): Patients were randomly assigned to; traditional-supervised-exercise (STRUC, n=30), physical-activity-counselling (PAC, n=23), either combined (COMB, n=39), or a wait-list comparator (CONT, n=54). Outcomes for both were BF mass (kg), LBM (kg), BF percentage (%), and strength.Results:Study 1: One-way ANCOVA revealed significant between group effects for BF% and LBM, but not for BF mass or strength. Post hoc paired comparisons revealed significantly greater change in LBM for the STRUC group compared with the CONT group. Within group changes using 95%CIs revealed significant changes only in the STRUC group for both BF% (-4.1 to -0.9%) and LBM (0.1 to 4.5 kg), and in FREE (8.2 to 28.5 kg) and STRUC (5.9 to 26.0 kg) for strength.Study 2: One-way ANCOVA did not reveal significant between group effects for strength, BF%, BF mass, or LBM. For strength, 95%CIs revealed significant within group changes for the STRUC (2.4 to 14.1 kg) and COMB (3.7 to 15.0 kg) groups.Conclusion:Strength increased in both studies across all RT treatments compared to controls, yet significant improvements in both strength and body-composition occurred only in programmed and/or supervised RT. As general increases in physical activity have limited impact upon body-composition, public health practitioners should structure interventions to include progressive RT.",

keywords = "Resistance training; , body composition; , exercise treatment; , Health status",

author = "Steven Mann and Alfonso Jimenez and James Steele and Sara Domone and Matthew Wade and Chris Beedie",

note = "This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.",

year = "2018",

month = mar,

day = "27",

doi = "10.1186/s12889-018-5289-9",

language = "English",

volume = "18",

journal = "BMC Public Health",

issn = "1471-2458",

publisher = "BioMed Central",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Programming and supervision of resistance training leads to positive effects on strength and body composition: results from two randomised trials of community fitness programmes.

AU - Mann, Steven

AU - Jimenez, Alfonso

AU - Steele, James

AU - Domone, Sara

AU - Wade, Matthew

AU - Beedie, Chris

N1 - This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

PY - 2018/3/27

Y1 - 2018/3/27

N2 - Background:Many sedentary adults have high body fat along with low fitness, strength, and lean body mass (LBM) which are associated with poor health independently of body mass. Physical activity can aid in prevention, management, and treatment of numerous chronic conditions. The potential efficacy of resistance training (RT) in modifying risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic disease is clear. However, RT is under researched in public health. We report community-based studies of RT in sedentary (Study 1), and overweight and pre-diabetic (Study 2) populations.Trial Design: Study 1: A semi-randomised trial design. Study 2: A randomised wait-list controlled trial.Methods:Study 1 (48-weeks): Participants choosing either a fitness centre approach, and randomised to structured-exercise (STRUC, n=107), or free/unstructured gym use (FREE, n=110), or not, and randomised to physical-activity-counselling (PAC, n=71) or a measurement only comparator (CONT, n=76). Study 2 (12-weeks): Patients were randomly assigned to; traditional-supervised-exercise (STRUC, n=30), physical-activity-counselling (PAC, n=23), either combined (COMB, n=39), or a wait-list comparator (CONT, n=54). Outcomes for both were BF mass (kg), LBM (kg), BF percentage (%), and strength.Results:Study 1: One-way ANCOVA revealed significant between group effects for BF% and LBM, but not for BF mass or strength. Post hoc paired comparisons revealed significantly greater change in LBM for the STRUC group compared with the CONT group. Within group changes using 95%CIs revealed significant changes only in the STRUC group for both BF% (-4.1 to -0.9%) and LBM (0.1 to 4.5 kg), and in FREE (8.2 to 28.5 kg) and STRUC (5.9 to 26.0 kg) for strength.Study 2: One-way ANCOVA did not reveal significant between group effects for strength, BF%, BF mass, or LBM. For strength, 95%CIs revealed significant within group changes for the STRUC (2.4 to 14.1 kg) and COMB (3.7 to 15.0 kg) groups.Conclusion:Strength increased in both studies across all RT treatments compared to controls, yet significant improvements in both strength and body-composition occurred only in programmed and/or supervised RT. As general increases in physical activity have limited impact upon body-composition, public health practitioners should structure interventions to include progressive RT.

AB - Background:Many sedentary adults have high body fat along with low fitness, strength, and lean body mass (LBM) which are associated with poor health independently of body mass. Physical activity can aid in prevention, management, and treatment of numerous chronic conditions. The potential efficacy of resistance training (RT) in modifying risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic disease is clear. However, RT is under researched in public health. We report community-based studies of RT in sedentary (Study 1), and overweight and pre-diabetic (Study 2) populations.Trial Design: Study 1: A semi-randomised trial design. Study 2: A randomised wait-list controlled trial.Methods:Study 1 (48-weeks): Participants choosing either a fitness centre approach, and randomised to structured-exercise (STRUC, n=107), or free/unstructured gym use (FREE, n=110), or not, and randomised to physical-activity-counselling (PAC, n=71) or a measurement only comparator (CONT, n=76). Study 2 (12-weeks): Patients were randomly assigned to; traditional-supervised-exercise (STRUC, n=30), physical-activity-counselling (PAC, n=23), either combined (COMB, n=39), or a wait-list comparator (CONT, n=54). Outcomes for both were BF mass (kg), LBM (kg), BF percentage (%), and strength.Results:Study 1: One-way ANCOVA revealed significant between group effects for BF% and LBM, but not for BF mass or strength. Post hoc paired comparisons revealed significantly greater change in LBM for the STRUC group compared with the CONT group. Within group changes using 95%CIs revealed significant changes only in the STRUC group for both BF% (-4.1 to -0.9%) and LBM (0.1 to 4.5 kg), and in FREE (8.2 to 28.5 kg) and STRUC (5.9 to 26.0 kg) for strength.Study 2: One-way ANCOVA did not reveal significant between group effects for strength, BF%, BF mass, or LBM. For strength, 95%CIs revealed significant within group changes for the STRUC (2.4 to 14.1 kg) and COMB (3.7 to 15.0 kg) groups.Conclusion:Strength increased in both studies across all RT treatments compared to controls, yet significant improvements in both strength and body-composition occurred only in programmed and/or supervised RT. As general increases in physical activity have limited impact upon body-composition, public health practitioners should structure interventions to include progressive RT.

KW - Resistance training;

KW - body composition;

KW - exercise treatment;

KW - Health status

U2 - 10.1186/s12889-018-5289-9

DO - 10.1186/s12889-018-5289-9

M3 - Article

SN - 1471-2458

VL - 18

JO - BMC Public Health

JF - BMC Public Health

M1 - 420

ER -

Programming and supervision of resistance training leads to positive effects on strength and body composition: results from two randomised trials of community fitness programmes.

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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