Abstract
Background: The high prevalence of osteoporosis has increased the economic burden on the health system globally. The burden of osteoporosis and its associated factors have not been adequately assessed in community settings in the Nepalese context thus far. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis and its associated factors, lifestyle behaviors, and dietary calcium intake. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 395 people aged 50 years and older in the Madhesh Province of Nepal between July 2022 and August 2023. The Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tools for Asians (OSTA) index was used to measure osteoporosis. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic information, anthropometric data, lifestyle behavior, daily dietary calcium intake, and frequency of calcium-rich food consumption. A food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall methods were used to assess dietary intake. The chi-square test, binary logistic regression and Mann‒Whitney U test were applied to measure the association between predictors and the outcome of interest. Results: The prevalence of no risk, moderate risk and high risk of osteoporosis were 38.7%, 39%, and 22.3% respectively. The risk of osteoporosis was higher in females (aOR = 5.18, CI: 2.10-12.75, p < 0.001) and increased risk with advancing age (aOR = 32.49, CI: 14.02–75.28, p < 0.001). Similarly, underweight was associated with increased odds of having osteoporosis (aOR = 13.42, CI = 4.58–39.30, p < 0.001). The incidence of osteoporosis was strongly associated with daily calcium intake of 225 mg (100, 386). Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of osteoporosis among people aged 50 years and older due to the combined effect of being underweight and having inadequate calcium intake. Nutritional counselling services encourage people to consume sufficient calcium-rich food and adopt an appropriate lifestyle behaviours to maintain healthy body weight so that osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures could be prevented. Further research can explore the impact of socioeconomic status and medical comorbidities on a large scale.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 100 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition |
| Volume | 43 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 4 Jul 2024 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Funder
We are deeply indebted to the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC), Nepal, which provided us with a Madhesh Provincial Research Grant for this academic research. Similarly, the participants who volunteered to participate in this study are highly acknowledged. We also heartedly thank Nabisha Chaudhary, who contributed to the data collection.This research was carried out under the funding provided by the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC), Nepal, under the Madhesh Provincial Research Grant (Reference number: 2243, approved on 16 March, 2023).
Funding
We are deeply indebted to the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC), Nepal, which provided us with a Madhesh Provincial Research Grant for this academic research. Similarly, the participants who volunteered to participate in this study are highly acknowledged. We also heartedly thank Nabisha Chaudhary, who contributed to the data collection. This research was carried out under the funding provided by the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC), Nepal, under the Madhesh Provincial Research Grant (Reference number: 2243, approved on 16 March, 2023).
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Nepal Health Research Council | 2243 |
Keywords
- Bone mineral density (BMD)
- Osteoporosis
- Osteoporosis self-assessment tools for Asians (OSTA)
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Food Science
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
