New Zealand blackcurrant extract modulates the heat shock response in men during exercise in hot ambient conditions

Nathan J Conrad; Emerson P Heckler; Ben J Lee; Garrett W Hill; Tessa R.  Flood; Lucy E V Wheeler; Rianne Costello; Ella F Walker; Trevor L Gillum; Mark E T Willems; Matthew R Kuennen

doi:10.1007/s00421-024-05439-w

New Zealand blackcurrant extract modulates the heat shock response in men during exercise in hot ambient conditions

Nathan J Conrad, Emerson P Heckler, Ben J Lee, Garrett W Hill, Tessa R. Flood, Lucy E V Wheeler, Rianne Costello, Ella F Walker, Trevor L Gillum, Mark E T Willems, Matthew R Kuennen

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Abstract

Purpose: To determine if 7d of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract alters the heat shock, inflammatory and apoptotic response during prolonged exertional-heat stress.

Methods: Ten men (Age: 29 ± 2 years, Stature: 1.82 ± 0.02 m, Mass: 80.3 ± 2.7 kg, V̇O _2max: 56 ± 2 mL·kg ⁻¹·min ⁻¹) ingested two capsules of CurraNZ ^™ (NZBC extract: 210 mg anthocyanins·day ⁻¹) or PLACEBO for 7d prior to 1 h treadmill run (65% V̇O _2max) in hot ambient conditions (34 °C/40% RH). Blood samples were collected before (Pre), immediately after (Post), 1 h after (1-Post), and 4 h after (4-Post) exercise. Heat shock proteins (HSP90, HSP70, HSP32) were measured in plasma. HSP and protein markers of inflammatory capacity (TLR4, NF-κB) and apoptosis (BAX/BCL-2, Caspase 9) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).

Results: eHSP32 was elevated at baseline in NZBC(+ 31%; p < 0.001). In PLACEBO HSP32 content in PBMC was elevated at 4-Post(+ 98%; p = 0.002), whereas in NZBC it fell at Post(− 45%; p = 0.030) and 1-Post(− 48%; p = 0.026). eHSP70 was increased at Post in PLACEBO(+ 55.6%, p = 0.001) and NZBC (+ 50.7%, p = 0.010). eHSP90 was increased at Post(+ 77.9%, p < 0.001) and 1-Post(+ 73.2%, p < 0.001) in PLACEBO, with similar increases being shown in NZBC (+ 49.0%, p = 0.006 and + 66.2%, p = 0.001; respectively). TLR4 and NF-κB were both elevated in NZBC at PRE(+ 54%, p = 0.003 and + 57%, p = 0.004; respectively). Main effects of study condition were also shown for BAX/BCL-2(p = 0.025) and Caspase 9 (p = 0.043); both were higher in NZBC.

Conclusion: 7d of NZBC extract supplementation increased eHSP32 and PBMC HSP32 content. It also increased inflammatory and apoptotic markers in PBMC, suggesting that NZBC supports the putative inflammatory response that accompanies exertional-heat stress.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2315-2328
Number of pages	14
Journal	European Journal of Applied Physiology
Volume	124
Issue number	8
Early online date	7 Mar 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05439-w
Publication status	Published - Aug 2024

Bibliographical note

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Funding

The authors report no conflict of interest. Partial support for this work was provided by the Department of Health and Human Performance within the Congdon School of Health Sciences. Supply of PLACEBO and supplement (CurraNZ\u2122) for this study was obtained from Health Currancy Ltd. (United Kingdom). Health Currancy Ltd had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results. We wish to thank the participants for their effort and dedication during the experiments. We would also like to thank the Department of Physical Therapy (Congdon School of Health Sciences) for the use of shared lab space and LJK for his lifetime of guidance and support.

Funders	Funder number
High Point University
Health Currancy Ltd.
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
High Point University

Keywords

Exercise
Hyperthermia
Heat shock protein
Supplements
Anthocyanins

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Conrad, N. J., Heckler, E. P., Lee, B. J., Hill, G. W., Flood, T. R., Wheeler, L. E. V., Costello, R., Walker, E. F., Gillum, T. L., Willems, M. E. T., & Kuennen, M. R. (2024). New Zealand blackcurrant extract modulates the heat shock response in men during exercise in hot ambient conditions. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 124(8), 2315-2328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05439-w

Conrad, NJ, Heckler, EP, Lee, BJ, Hill, GW, Flood, TR, Wheeler, LEV, Costello, R, Walker, EF, Gillum, TL, Willems, MET & Kuennen, MR 2024, 'New Zealand blackcurrant extract modulates the heat shock response in men during exercise in hot ambient conditions', European Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 124, no. 8, pp. 2315-2328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05439-w

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title = "New Zealand blackcurrant extract modulates the heat shock response in men during exercise in hot ambient conditions",

abstract = "Purpose: To determine if 7d of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract alters the heat shock, inflammatory and apoptotic response during prolonged exertional-heat stress. Methods: Ten men (Age: 29 ± 2 years, Stature: 1.82 ± 0.02 m, Mass: 80.3 ± 2.7 kg, {\.V}O 2max: 56 ± 2 mL·kg −1·min −1) ingested two capsules of CurraNZ {\texttrademark} (NZBC extract: 210 mg anthocyanins·day −1) or PLACEBO for 7d prior to 1 h treadmill run (65\% {\.V}O 2max) in hot ambient conditions (34 °C/40\% RH). Blood samples were collected before (Pre), immediately after (Post), 1 h after (1-Post), and 4 h after (4-Post) exercise. Heat shock proteins (HSP90, HSP70, HSP32) were measured in plasma. HSP and protein markers of inflammatory capacity (TLR4, NF-κB) and apoptosis (BAX/BCL-2, Caspase 9) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Results: eHSP32 was elevated at baseline in NZBC(+ 31\%; p < 0.001). In PLACEBO HSP32 content in PBMC was elevated at 4-Post(+ 98\%; p = 0.002), whereas in NZBC it fell at Post(− 45\%; p = 0.030) and 1-Post(− 48\%; p = 0.026). eHSP70 was increased at Post in PLACEBO(+ 55.6\%, p = 0.001) and NZBC (+ 50.7\%, p = 0.010). eHSP90 was increased at Post(+ 77.9\%, p < 0.001) and 1-Post(+ 73.2\%, p < 0.001) in PLACEBO, with similar increases being shown in NZBC (+ 49.0\%, p = 0.006 and + 66.2\%, p = 0.001; respectively). TLR4 and NF-κB were both elevated in NZBC at PRE(+ 54\%, p = 0.003 and + 57\%, p = 0.004; respectively). Main effects of study condition were also shown for BAX/BCL-2(p = 0.025) and Caspase 9 (p = 0.043); both were higher in NZBC. Conclusion: 7d of NZBC extract supplementation increased eHSP32 and PBMC HSP32 content. It also increased inflammatory and apoptotic markers in PBMC, suggesting that NZBC supports the putative inflammatory response that accompanies exertional-heat stress.",

keywords = "Exercise, Hyperthermia, Heat shock protein, Supplements, Anthocyanins",

author = "Conrad, \{Nathan J\} and Heckler, \{Emerson P\} and Lee, \{Ben J\} and Hill, \{Garrett W\} and Flood, \{Tessa R.\} and Wheeler, \{Lucy E V\} and Rianne Costello and Walker, \{Ella F\} and Gillum, \{Trevor L\} and Willems, \{Mark E T\} and Kuennen, \{Matthew R\}",

note = "This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.",

year = "2024",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1007/s00421-024-05439-w",

language = "English",

volume = "124",

pages = "2315--2328",

journal = "European Journal of Applied Physiology",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - New Zealand blackcurrant extract modulates the heat shock response in men during exercise in hot ambient conditions

AU - Conrad, Nathan J

AU - Heckler, Emerson P

AU - Lee, Ben J

AU - Hill, Garrett W

AU - Flood, Tessa R.

AU - Wheeler, Lucy E V

AU - Costello, Rianne

AU - Walker, Ella F

AU - Gillum, Trevor L

AU - Willems, Mark E T

AU - Kuennen, Matthew R

N1 - This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PY - 2024/8

Y1 - 2024/8

N2 - Purpose: To determine if 7d of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract alters the heat shock, inflammatory and apoptotic response during prolonged exertional-heat stress. Methods: Ten men (Age: 29 ± 2 years, Stature: 1.82 ± 0.02 m, Mass: 80.3 ± 2.7 kg, V̇O 2max: 56 ± 2 mL·kg −1·min −1) ingested two capsules of CurraNZ ™ (NZBC extract: 210 mg anthocyanins·day −1) or PLACEBO for 7d prior to 1 h treadmill run (65% V̇O 2max) in hot ambient conditions (34 °C/40% RH). Blood samples were collected before (Pre), immediately after (Post), 1 h after (1-Post), and 4 h after (4-Post) exercise. Heat shock proteins (HSP90, HSP70, HSP32) were measured in plasma. HSP and protein markers of inflammatory capacity (TLR4, NF-κB) and apoptosis (BAX/BCL-2, Caspase 9) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Results: eHSP32 was elevated at baseline in NZBC(+ 31%; p < 0.001). In PLACEBO HSP32 content in PBMC was elevated at 4-Post(+ 98%; p = 0.002), whereas in NZBC it fell at Post(− 45%; p = 0.030) and 1-Post(− 48%; p = 0.026). eHSP70 was increased at Post in PLACEBO(+ 55.6%, p = 0.001) and NZBC (+ 50.7%, p = 0.010). eHSP90 was increased at Post(+ 77.9%, p < 0.001) and 1-Post(+ 73.2%, p < 0.001) in PLACEBO, with similar increases being shown in NZBC (+ 49.0%, p = 0.006 and + 66.2%, p = 0.001; respectively). TLR4 and NF-κB were both elevated in NZBC at PRE(+ 54%, p = 0.003 and + 57%, p = 0.004; respectively). Main effects of study condition were also shown for BAX/BCL-2(p = 0.025) and Caspase 9 (p = 0.043); both were higher in NZBC. Conclusion: 7d of NZBC extract supplementation increased eHSP32 and PBMC HSP32 content. It also increased inflammatory and apoptotic markers in PBMC, suggesting that NZBC supports the putative inflammatory response that accompanies exertional-heat stress.

AB - Purpose: To determine if 7d of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract alters the heat shock, inflammatory and apoptotic response during prolonged exertional-heat stress. Methods: Ten men (Age: 29 ± 2 years, Stature: 1.82 ± 0.02 m, Mass: 80.3 ± 2.7 kg, V̇O 2max: 56 ± 2 mL·kg −1·min −1) ingested two capsules of CurraNZ ™ (NZBC extract: 210 mg anthocyanins·day −1) or PLACEBO for 7d prior to 1 h treadmill run (65% V̇O 2max) in hot ambient conditions (34 °C/40% RH). Blood samples were collected before (Pre), immediately after (Post), 1 h after (1-Post), and 4 h after (4-Post) exercise. Heat shock proteins (HSP90, HSP70, HSP32) were measured in plasma. HSP and protein markers of inflammatory capacity (TLR4, NF-κB) and apoptosis (BAX/BCL-2, Caspase 9) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Results: eHSP32 was elevated at baseline in NZBC(+ 31%; p < 0.001). In PLACEBO HSP32 content in PBMC was elevated at 4-Post(+ 98%; p = 0.002), whereas in NZBC it fell at Post(− 45%; p = 0.030) and 1-Post(− 48%; p = 0.026). eHSP70 was increased at Post in PLACEBO(+ 55.6%, p = 0.001) and NZBC (+ 50.7%, p = 0.010). eHSP90 was increased at Post(+ 77.9%, p < 0.001) and 1-Post(+ 73.2%, p < 0.001) in PLACEBO, with similar increases being shown in NZBC (+ 49.0%, p = 0.006 and + 66.2%, p = 0.001; respectively). TLR4 and NF-κB were both elevated in NZBC at PRE(+ 54%, p = 0.003 and + 57%, p = 0.004; respectively). Main effects of study condition were also shown for BAX/BCL-2(p = 0.025) and Caspase 9 (p = 0.043); both were higher in NZBC. Conclusion: 7d of NZBC extract supplementation increased eHSP32 and PBMC HSP32 content. It also increased inflammatory and apoptotic markers in PBMC, suggesting that NZBC supports the putative inflammatory response that accompanies exertional-heat stress.

KW - Exercise

KW - Hyperthermia

KW - Heat shock protein

KW - Supplements

KW - Anthocyanins

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85186859903

U2 - 10.1007/s00421-024-05439-w

DO - 10.1007/s00421-024-05439-w

M3 - Article

C2 - 38448730

SN - 1439-6319

VL - 124

SP - 2315

EP - 2328

JO - European Journal of Applied Physiology

JF - European Journal of Applied Physiology

IS - 8

ER -

New Zealand blackcurrant extract modulates the heat shock response in men during exercise in hot ambient conditions

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