Navigating the path to a greener future: unravelling the challenges and prospects of electric vehicle adoption in Indonesia

Purpose The transition from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) is a complex process influenced by the interplay of technical, social and economic factors. This study aims to identify the socio-technical factors shaping the transition from ICE vehicles to EVs and to propose plausible transition pathways within the Indonesian context. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted an expert workshop method to gather data and co-develop the multi-level perspective (MLP) transition tool with workshop participants. The participants were carefully selected to represent diverse stakeholders, including government and industry representatives. They provided non-commercial data and insights, enriching the discussions, and ensuring a balanced and inclusive outcome. Findings The findings highlight the importance of understanding the multidimensional and multi-actor dynamics involved in this transition. The adoption of EVs in Indonesia is significantly influenced by socio-technical challenges, including existing policies, institutional frameworks, technological infrastructure and societal constraints. Addressing these challenges is crucial for ensuring a successful transition. Practical implications This study offers actionable recommendations for policymakers, businesses and government agencies responsible for strategic economic development. These recommendations serve as a foundation to support future growth in the EV market and inform decisions aimed at fostering a greener road transportation ecosystem. Originality/value This study enhances a holistic understanding of the complex socio-technical dynamics at play in the EV transition. It also advances innovation studies by addressing transitions within systems dominated by stable and robust ICE regimes. The MLP tools developed through this study serve as valuable instruments for articulating the role of various initiatives in driving transformative change.