Nanofuel Droplet Evaporation Processes

Nwabueze Emekwuru

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

The concern about the level of toxic emissions from the use of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines is widely held. Several alternatives have been suggested to mitigate this concern including the use of biofuels in the engines, hybrid internal combustion–electric power systems and electric propulsion systems. In the last decade there has been progress with adding nano-sized particle additives to hydrocarbon fuels with the aim of improving the thermo-physical properties. The nano-sized metallic particles increase the surface-to-volume ratio of the resultant nanofuel suspensions. Reductions in the emissions levels from the combustion of these nanofuels have been reported; these improvements derive from the reductions in ignition delay, and therefore, higher burning rates arising from increases in the evaporation rates of the fuel droplets. Thus, droplet evaporation mechanisms influence the ignition time of the droplets, and consequently the ignition delay time. Optimizing these parameters can help to reduce the emissions from the internal combustion engines. The study presented here examines the up-to-date results of work carried out by various researchers on the droplet evaporation mechanisms of nanofuel droplets. The predominant processes presented as being responsible for the enhancement of the droplet evaporation rate are that the nanoparticle additives increase the droplet fuel temperature by radiative absorption, and that at high temperature values the agglomerates of the nanoparticles heat up residuals of the liquid fuel causing fuel droplet disruptions and micro-explosions. The various parameters that affect these and other nanofuel droplet evaporation mechanisms are presented. A case is made for further studies in this area.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)43-58
Number of pages16
JournalJournal of the Indian Institute of Science
Volume99
Issue number1
Early online date6 Oct 2018
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Mar 2019

Fingerprint

droplet
evaporation
biofuel
fossil fuel
explosion
engine
physical property
combustion
hydrocarbon
liquid
rate

Funder

UGC-UKIERI 2016-17-050.

Keywords

  • Atomization
  • Droplet combustion
  • Droplet disruption
  • Droplet dry-out
  • Droplet evaporation
  • Droplet radiative absorption
  • Energetic fuels
  • Micro-explosion
  • Nano-sized particles
  • Nanofluids
  • Nanofuels

Cite this

Nanofuel Droplet Evaporation Processes. / Emekwuru, Nwabueze.

In: Journal of the Indian Institute of Science, Vol. 99, No. 1, 01.03.2019, p. 43-58.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article

Emekwuru, N 2019, 'Nanofuel Droplet Evaporation Processes' Journal of the Indian Institute of Science, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 43-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41745-018-0092-2
Emekwuru N. Nanofuel Droplet Evaporation Processes. Journal of the Indian Institute of Science. 2019 Mar 1;99(1):43-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41745-018-0092-2
Emekwuru, Nwabueze. / Nanofuel Droplet Evaporation Processes. In: Journal of the Indian Institute of Science. 2019 ; Vol. 99, No. 1. pp. 43-58.
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abstract = "The concern about the level of toxic emissions from the use of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines is widely held. Several alternatives have been suggested to mitigate this concern including the use of biofuels in the engines, hybrid internal combustion–electric power systems and electric propulsion systems. In the last decade there has been progress with adding nano-sized particle additives to hydrocarbon fuels with the aim of improving the thermo-physical properties. The nano-sized metallic particles increase the surface-to-volume ratio of the resultant nanofuel suspensions. Reductions in the emissions levels from the combustion of these nanofuels have been reported; these improvements derive from the reductions in ignition delay, and therefore, higher burning rates arising from increases in the evaporation rates of the fuel droplets. Thus, droplet evaporation mechanisms influence the ignition time of the droplets, and consequently the ignition delay time. Optimizing these parameters can help to reduce the emissions from the internal combustion engines. The study presented here examines the up-to-date results of work carried out by various researchers on the droplet evaporation mechanisms of nanofuel droplets. The predominant processes presented as being responsible for the enhancement of the droplet evaporation rate are that the nanoparticle additives increase the droplet fuel temperature by radiative absorption, and that at high temperature values the agglomerates of the nanoparticles heat up residuals of the liquid fuel causing fuel droplet disruptions and micro-explosions. The various parameters that affect these and other nanofuel droplet evaporation mechanisms are presented. A case is made for further studies in this area.",
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N2 - The concern about the level of toxic emissions from the use of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines is widely held. Several alternatives have been suggested to mitigate this concern including the use of biofuels in the engines, hybrid internal combustion–electric power systems and electric propulsion systems. In the last decade there has been progress with adding nano-sized particle additives to hydrocarbon fuels with the aim of improving the thermo-physical properties. The nano-sized metallic particles increase the surface-to-volume ratio of the resultant nanofuel suspensions. Reductions in the emissions levels from the combustion of these nanofuels have been reported; these improvements derive from the reductions in ignition delay, and therefore, higher burning rates arising from increases in the evaporation rates of the fuel droplets. Thus, droplet evaporation mechanisms influence the ignition time of the droplets, and consequently the ignition delay time. Optimizing these parameters can help to reduce the emissions from the internal combustion engines. The study presented here examines the up-to-date results of work carried out by various researchers on the droplet evaporation mechanisms of nanofuel droplets. The predominant processes presented as being responsible for the enhancement of the droplet evaporation rate are that the nanoparticle additives increase the droplet fuel temperature by radiative absorption, and that at high temperature values the agglomerates of the nanoparticles heat up residuals of the liquid fuel causing fuel droplet disruptions and micro-explosions. The various parameters that affect these and other nanofuel droplet evaporation mechanisms are presented. A case is made for further studies in this area.

AB - The concern about the level of toxic emissions from the use of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines is widely held. Several alternatives have been suggested to mitigate this concern including the use of biofuels in the engines, hybrid internal combustion–electric power systems and electric propulsion systems. In the last decade there has been progress with adding nano-sized particle additives to hydrocarbon fuels with the aim of improving the thermo-physical properties. The nano-sized metallic particles increase the surface-to-volume ratio of the resultant nanofuel suspensions. Reductions in the emissions levels from the combustion of these nanofuels have been reported; these improvements derive from the reductions in ignition delay, and therefore, higher burning rates arising from increases in the evaporation rates of the fuel droplets. Thus, droplet evaporation mechanisms influence the ignition time of the droplets, and consequently the ignition delay time. Optimizing these parameters can help to reduce the emissions from the internal combustion engines. The study presented here examines the up-to-date results of work carried out by various researchers on the droplet evaporation mechanisms of nanofuel droplets. The predominant processes presented as being responsible for the enhancement of the droplet evaporation rate are that the nanoparticle additives increase the droplet fuel temperature by radiative absorption, and that at high temperature values the agglomerates of the nanoparticles heat up residuals of the liquid fuel causing fuel droplet disruptions and micro-explosions. The various parameters that affect these and other nanofuel droplet evaporation mechanisms are presented. A case is made for further studies in this area.

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