Abstract
Previous surveys suggests that body mass index (BMI) may be positively related to development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, this association might be altered by metabolic syndrome. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association of metabolic health status with CKD. The present cross-sectional study was carried out on 3322 representative sample of Iranian adults. Metabolic syndrome was identified based on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) and BMI was assessed by anthropometric measurements. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by modification of diet in renal disease-Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (MDRD-EPI) formula. Subjects were categorized into four phenotypes: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy overweight and obesity (MHO), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUHNW), and metabolically unhealthy overweight and obesity (MUHO). Based on multivariate-adjusted models, the risk of CKD was significantly higher in MUHO compared with MHNW (OR: 1.48; p < 0.05). Although MUHNW and MUHO were associated with lower eGFR and albuminuria, the significant association was not observed in case of hematuria. Furthermore, subjects with kidney stones tended to be in MHO (OR: 1.42; p < 0.05) and MUHO phenotypes (OR: 1.64; p < 0.05), in comparison to the MHNW phenotype. The odds of kidney disorders were higher in adults with metabolic syndrome, regardless of BMI. However, this relationship might be strengthened by the concomitance of metabolic syndrome and obesity. To verify our findings, clarify the causality, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, further research are warranted.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 20794 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Scientific Reports |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| Early online date | 27 Nov 2023 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | E-pub ahead of print - 27 Nov 2023 |
Bibliographical note
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We would like to thank the Isfahan’s Hazrat Abolfazl Health and Medical Charity association members for their support in this project. Also, the authors would like to thank all the study participants. Funding Information: This study was financially supported by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (grant number 196086). The funding sources were not involved in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, or in the decision to submit the article for publication. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s)Keywords
- Adult
- Body Mass Index
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Health Status
- Humans
- Iran - epidemiology
- Metabolic Syndrome - complications - epidemiology - genetics
- Obesity - complications - epidemiology - genetics
- Obesity, Metabolically Benign - epidemiology
- Overweight - complications
- Phenotype
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - epidemiology - complications
- Risk Factors
