Abstract
Context: High doses of ∼6 mg·kg-1 body mass have improved performance during intermittent running, jumping, and agility protocols. However, there are sparse data on low doses of caffeine, especially in elite adolescent soccer players. Methods: A total of 15 elite youth soccer players (177.3 [4.8] cm, 66.9 [7.9] kg, and 16 [1] y) participated in the study, consuming 1, 2, or 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine in a gelatin capsule or a 2-mg·kg-1 placebo in a single-blind, randomized, crossover study design. Testing consisted of a 20-m sprint, arrowhead agility (change of direction [CoD] right or left), countermovement jump (CMJ), and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1). Postexercise CMJ performance was assessed as participants exited the Yo-Yo IR1. Data were analyzed using a Bayesian multilevel regression model to provide explained variance and probabilities of improvement (P = %). Results: Compared with placebo, 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine presented the highest probabilities of change across a range of tests (mean [SD], P = %). Times for 20-m sprint were 3.15 (0.10) s vs 3.18 (0.09) s (P = 73%), CoD-right times were 8.43 (0.24) s vs 8.55 (0.25) s (P = 99%), CoD-left times were 8.44 (0.22) s vs 8.52 (0.18) s (P = 85%), Yo-Yo IR1 distance was 2440 (531) m vs 2308 (540) m (P = 15%), and preexercise CMJ height was 41.6 (7.2) cm vs 38 (8.5) cm (P = 96%). Postexercise CMJ was higher with 3 mg·kg-1 than with placebo (42.3 [8] cm vs 36.6 [8] cm; P = 100%). Doses of 1 or 2 mg·kg-1 caffeine also demonstrated the ability to enhance performance but were task dependent. Conclusion: Low doses of caffeine improve performance but are dose and task dependent. A dose of 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine improved performance across the majority of tests with potential to further improve postexercise CMJ height.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 569–575 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance |
| Volume | 14 |
| Issue number | 5 |
| Early online date | 3 Dec 2018 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - May 2019 |
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Bibliographical note
Copyright © and Moral Rights are retained by the author(s) and/ or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This item cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.This document is the author’s post-print version, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer-review process. The deposit is as accepted for publication. Some differences between the published version and this version may remain and you are advised to consult the published version if you wish to cite from it.
Keywords
- Agility
- Bayesian
- Ergogenic aid
- Jump
- Youth
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
- Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation
Cite this
Low doses of caffeine : Enhancement of physical performance in elite adolescent male soccer players. / Ellis, Matthew ; Noon, Mark; Myers, Tony; Clarke, Neil.
In: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, Vol. 14, No. 5, 05.2019, p. 569–575.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Low doses of caffeine
T2 - Enhancement of physical performance in elite adolescent male soccer players
AU - Ellis, Matthew
AU - Noon, Mark
AU - Myers, Tony
AU - Clarke, Neil
N1 - Copyright © and Moral Rights are retained by the author(s) and/ or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This item cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. This document is the author’s post-print version, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer-review process. The deposit is as accepted for publication. Some differences between the published version and this version may remain and you are advised to consult the published version if you wish to cite from it.
PY - 2019/5
Y1 - 2019/5
N2 - Context: High doses of ∼6 mg·kg-1 body mass have improved performance during intermittent running, jumping, and agility protocols. However, there are sparse data on low doses of caffeine, especially in elite adolescent soccer players. Methods: A total of 15 elite youth soccer players (177.3 [4.8] cm, 66.9 [7.9] kg, and 16 [1] y) participated in the study, consuming 1, 2, or 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine in a gelatin capsule or a 2-mg·kg-1 placebo in a single-blind, randomized, crossover study design. Testing consisted of a 20-m sprint, arrowhead agility (change of direction [CoD] right or left), countermovement jump (CMJ), and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1). Postexercise CMJ performance was assessed as participants exited the Yo-Yo IR1. Data were analyzed using a Bayesian multilevel regression model to provide explained variance and probabilities of improvement (P = %). Results: Compared with placebo, 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine presented the highest probabilities of change across a range of tests (mean [SD], P = %). Times for 20-m sprint were 3.15 (0.10) s vs 3.18 (0.09) s (P = 73%), CoD-right times were 8.43 (0.24) s vs 8.55 (0.25) s (P = 99%), CoD-left times were 8.44 (0.22) s vs 8.52 (0.18) s (P = 85%), Yo-Yo IR1 distance was 2440 (531) m vs 2308 (540) m (P = 15%), and preexercise CMJ height was 41.6 (7.2) cm vs 38 (8.5) cm (P = 96%). Postexercise CMJ was higher with 3 mg·kg-1 than with placebo (42.3 [8] cm vs 36.6 [8] cm; P = 100%). Doses of 1 or 2 mg·kg-1 caffeine also demonstrated the ability to enhance performance but were task dependent. Conclusion: Low doses of caffeine improve performance but are dose and task dependent. A dose of 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine improved performance across the majority of tests with potential to further improve postexercise CMJ height.
AB - Context: High doses of ∼6 mg·kg-1 body mass have improved performance during intermittent running, jumping, and agility protocols. However, there are sparse data on low doses of caffeine, especially in elite adolescent soccer players. Methods: A total of 15 elite youth soccer players (177.3 [4.8] cm, 66.9 [7.9] kg, and 16 [1] y) participated in the study, consuming 1, 2, or 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine in a gelatin capsule or a 2-mg·kg-1 placebo in a single-blind, randomized, crossover study design. Testing consisted of a 20-m sprint, arrowhead agility (change of direction [CoD] right or left), countermovement jump (CMJ), and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1). Postexercise CMJ performance was assessed as participants exited the Yo-Yo IR1. Data were analyzed using a Bayesian multilevel regression model to provide explained variance and probabilities of improvement (P = %). Results: Compared with placebo, 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine presented the highest probabilities of change across a range of tests (mean [SD], P = %). Times for 20-m sprint were 3.15 (0.10) s vs 3.18 (0.09) s (P = 73%), CoD-right times were 8.43 (0.24) s vs 8.55 (0.25) s (P = 99%), CoD-left times were 8.44 (0.22) s vs 8.52 (0.18) s (P = 85%), Yo-Yo IR1 distance was 2440 (531) m vs 2308 (540) m (P = 15%), and preexercise CMJ height was 41.6 (7.2) cm vs 38 (8.5) cm (P = 96%). Postexercise CMJ was higher with 3 mg·kg-1 than with placebo (42.3 [8] cm vs 36.6 [8] cm; P = 100%). Doses of 1 or 2 mg·kg-1 caffeine also demonstrated the ability to enhance performance but were task dependent. Conclusion: Low doses of caffeine improve performance but are dose and task dependent. A dose of 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine improved performance across the majority of tests with potential to further improve postexercise CMJ height.
KW - Agility
KW - Bayesian
KW - Ergogenic aid
KW - Jump
KW - Youth
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85065345359&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0536
DO - 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0536
M3 - Article
VL - 14
SP - 569
EP - 575
JO - International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
JF - International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
SN - 1555-0265
IS - 5
ER -