Low doses of caffeine:  Enhancement of physical performance in elite adolescent male soccer players

Matthew  Ellis; Mark Noon; Tony Myers; Neil Clarke

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2018-0536

Low doses of caffeine: Enhancement of physical performance in elite adolescent male soccer players

Matthew Ellis, Mark Noon, Tony Myers, Neil Clarke

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

4 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

Context: High doses of ∼6 mg·kg-1 body mass have improved performance during intermittent running, jumping, and agility protocols. However, there are sparse data on low doses of caffeine, especially in elite adolescent soccer players. Methods: A total of 15 elite youth soccer players (177.3 [4.8] cm, 66.9 [7.9] kg, and 16 [1] y) participated in the study, consuming 1, 2, or 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine in a gelatin capsule or a 2-mg·kg-1 placebo in a single-blind, randomized, crossover study design. Testing consisted of a 20-m sprint, arrowhead agility (change of direction [CoD] right or left), countermovement jump (CMJ), and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1). Postexercise CMJ performance was assessed as participants exited the Yo-Yo IR1. Data were analyzed using a Bayesian multilevel regression model to provide explained variance and probabilities of improvement (P = %). Results: Compared with placebo, 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine presented the highest probabilities of change across a range of tests (mean [SD], P = %). Times for 20-m sprint were 3.15 (0.10) s vs 3.18 (0.09) s (P = 73%), CoD-right times were 8.43 (0.24) s vs 8.55 (0.25) s (P = 99%), CoD-left times were 8.44 (0.22) s vs 8.52 (0.18) s (P = 85%), Yo-Yo IR1 distance was 2440 (531) m vs 2308 (540) m (P = 15%), and preexercise CMJ height was 41.6 (7.2) cm vs 38 (8.5) cm (P = 96%). Postexercise CMJ was higher with 3 mg·kg-1 than with placebo (42.3 [8] cm vs 36.6 [8] cm; P = 100%). Doses of 1 or 2 mg·kg-1 caffeine also demonstrated the ability to enhance performance but were task dependent. Conclusion: Low doses of caffeine improve performance but are dose and task dependent. A dose of 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine improved performance across the majority of tests with potential to further improve postexercise CMJ height.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	569–575
Number of pages	7
Journal	International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
Volume	14
Issue number	5
Early online date	3 Dec 2018
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0536
Publication status	Published - May 2019

Bibliographical note

Copyright © and Moral Rights are retained by the author(s) and/ or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This item cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.

This document is the author’s post-print version, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer-review process. The deposit is as accepted for publication. Some differences between the published version and this version may remain and you are advised to consult the published version if you wish to cite from it.

Keywords

Agility
Bayesian
Ergogenic aid
Jump
Youth

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation

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Ellis_et_al_Low_Doses_Caffeine_IJSPPAccepted author manuscript, 1.15 MB

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Ellis, M., Noon, M., Myers, T., & Clarke, N. (2019). Low doses of caffeine: Enhancement of physical performance in elite adolescent male soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 14(5), 569–575. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0536

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title = "Low doses of caffeine: Enhancement of physical performance in elite adolescent male soccer players",

abstract = "Context: High doses of ∼6 mg·kg-1 body mass have improved performance during intermittent running, jumping, and agility protocols. However, there are sparse data on low doses of caffeine, especially in elite adolescent soccer players. Methods: A total of 15 elite youth soccer players (177.3 [4.8] cm, 66.9 [7.9] kg, and 16 [1] y) participated in the study, consuming 1, 2, or 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine in a gelatin capsule or a 2-mg·kg-1 placebo in a single-blind, randomized, crossover study design. Testing consisted of a 20-m sprint, arrowhead agility (change of direction [CoD] right or left), countermovement jump (CMJ), and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1). Postexercise CMJ performance was assessed as participants exited the Yo-Yo IR1. Data were analyzed using a Bayesian multilevel regression model to provide explained variance and probabilities of improvement (P = {\%}). Results: Compared with placebo, 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine presented the highest probabilities of change across a range of tests (mean [SD], P = {\%}). Times for 20-m sprint were 3.15 (0.10) s vs 3.18 (0.09) s (P = 73{\%}), CoD-right times were 8.43 (0.24) s vs 8.55 (0.25) s (P = 99{\%}), CoD-left times were 8.44 (0.22) s vs 8.52 (0.18) s (P = 85{\%}), Yo-Yo IR1 distance was 2440 (531) m vs 2308 (540) m (P = 15{\%}), and preexercise CMJ height was 41.6 (7.2) cm vs 38 (8.5) cm (P = 96{\%}). Postexercise CMJ was higher with 3 mg·kg-1 than with placebo (42.3 [8] cm vs 36.6 [8] cm; P = 100{\%}). Doses of 1 or 2 mg·kg-1 caffeine also demonstrated the ability to enhance performance but were task dependent. Conclusion: Low doses of caffeine improve performance but are dose and task dependent. A dose of 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine improved performance across the majority of tests with potential to further improve postexercise CMJ height.",

keywords = "Agility, Bayesian, Ergogenic aid, Jump, Youth",

author = "Matthew Ellis and Mark Noon and Tony Myers and Neil Clarke",

note = "Copyright {\circledC} and Moral Rights are retained by the author(s) and/ or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This item cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. This document is the author’s post-print version, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer-review process. The deposit is as accepted for publication. Some differences between the published version and this version may remain and you are advised to consult the published version if you wish to cite from it.",

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N1 - Copyright © and Moral Rights are retained by the author(s) and/ or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This item cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. This document is the author’s post-print version, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer-review process. The deposit is as accepted for publication. Some differences between the published version and this version may remain and you are advised to consult the published version if you wish to cite from it.

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N2 - Context: High doses of ∼6 mg·kg-1 body mass have improved performance during intermittent running, jumping, and agility protocols. However, there are sparse data on low doses of caffeine, especially in elite adolescent soccer players. Methods: A total of 15 elite youth soccer players (177.3 [4.8] cm, 66.9 [7.9] kg, and 16 [1] y) participated in the study, consuming 1, 2, or 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine in a gelatin capsule or a 2-mg·kg-1 placebo in a single-blind, randomized, crossover study design. Testing consisted of a 20-m sprint, arrowhead agility (change of direction [CoD] right or left), countermovement jump (CMJ), and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1). Postexercise CMJ performance was assessed as participants exited the Yo-Yo IR1. Data were analyzed using a Bayesian multilevel regression model to provide explained variance and probabilities of improvement (P = %). Results: Compared with placebo, 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine presented the highest probabilities of change across a range of tests (mean [SD], P = %). Times for 20-m sprint were 3.15 (0.10) s vs 3.18 (0.09) s (P = 73%), CoD-right times were 8.43 (0.24) s vs 8.55 (0.25) s (P = 99%), CoD-left times were 8.44 (0.22) s vs 8.52 (0.18) s (P = 85%), Yo-Yo IR1 distance was 2440 (531) m vs 2308 (540) m (P = 15%), and preexercise CMJ height was 41.6 (7.2) cm vs 38 (8.5) cm (P = 96%). Postexercise CMJ was higher with 3 mg·kg-1 than with placebo (42.3 [8] cm vs 36.6 [8] cm; P = 100%). Doses of 1 or 2 mg·kg-1 caffeine also demonstrated the ability to enhance performance but were task dependent. Conclusion: Low doses of caffeine improve performance but are dose and task dependent. A dose of 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine improved performance across the majority of tests with potential to further improve postexercise CMJ height.

AB - Context: High doses of ∼6 mg·kg-1 body mass have improved performance during intermittent running, jumping, and agility protocols. However, there are sparse data on low doses of caffeine, especially in elite adolescent soccer players. Methods: A total of 15 elite youth soccer players (177.3 [4.8] cm, 66.9 [7.9] kg, and 16 [1] y) participated in the study, consuming 1, 2, or 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine in a gelatin capsule or a 2-mg·kg-1 placebo in a single-blind, randomized, crossover study design. Testing consisted of a 20-m sprint, arrowhead agility (change of direction [CoD] right or left), countermovement jump (CMJ), and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1). Postexercise CMJ performance was assessed as participants exited the Yo-Yo IR1. Data were analyzed using a Bayesian multilevel regression model to provide explained variance and probabilities of improvement (P = %). Results: Compared with placebo, 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine presented the highest probabilities of change across a range of tests (mean [SD], P = %). Times for 20-m sprint were 3.15 (0.10) s vs 3.18 (0.09) s (P = 73%), CoD-right times were 8.43 (0.24) s vs 8.55 (0.25) s (P = 99%), CoD-left times were 8.44 (0.22) s vs 8.52 (0.18) s (P = 85%), Yo-Yo IR1 distance was 2440 (531) m vs 2308 (540) m (P = 15%), and preexercise CMJ height was 41.6 (7.2) cm vs 38 (8.5) cm (P = 96%). Postexercise CMJ was higher with 3 mg·kg-1 than with placebo (42.3 [8] cm vs 36.6 [8] cm; P = 100%). Doses of 1 or 2 mg·kg-1 caffeine also demonstrated the ability to enhance performance but were task dependent. Conclusion: Low doses of caffeine improve performance but are dose and task dependent. A dose of 3 mg·kg-1 caffeine improved performance across the majority of tests with potential to further improve postexercise CMJ height.

KW - Agility

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