Abstract
This paper advances live (L), virtual (V), and constructive (C) simulation methodologies by introducing a new LVC simulation framework for the development of air combat tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP). In the framework, TTP is developed iteratively in separate C-, V-, and L-simulation stages. This allows the utilization of the strengths of each simulation class while avoiding the challenges of pure LVC simulations. The C-stage provides the optimal TTP with respect to the probabilities of survival (Ps) and kill (Pk) of aircraft without considering the human–machine interaction (HMI). In the V-stage, the optimal TTP is modified by assessing its applicability with Pk and Ps, as well as HMI measures regarding pilots’ situation awareness, mental workload, and TTP adherence. In the L-stage, real aircraft are used to evaluate whether the developed TTP leads to acceptable Pk, Ps, and HMI measures in a real-life environment. The iterative nature of the framework enables that V- or L-stages can reveal flaws of the TTP and an inadequate TTP can be returned to the C- or V-stage for revision. This paper is Part 1 of a two-part study. Part 2 demonstrates the use of the framework with operationally used C- and V-simulators as well as real F/A-18C aircraft and pilots.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 285-293 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology |
Volume | 18 |
Issue number | 4 |
Early online date | 12 Nov 2019 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Oct 2021 |
Bibliographical note
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Keywords
- Air combat
- human factors
- human–machine interaction
- live–virtual–constructive
- mental workload
- performance
- simulation
- situation awareness
- testing and evaluation
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Modelling and Simulation
- Engineering (miscellaneous)