Kinetic and thermodynamic evaluation of effective combined promoters for CO₂ hydrate formation

The increase in carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration in the atmosphere raises earth's temperature. CO₂ emissions are closely related to human induced activities such as burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. So, to make the environment sustainable, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is required to reduce CO₂ emissions. In this study, CO₂ hydrate (CO₂:6H₂O) formation has been explored as an approach to capture CO₂ in the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) conditions. The formation of hydrate was experimentally investigated in an isochoric system with high-pressure volumetric analyzer (HPVA). The solubility of CO₂ in water using experimental pressure–time (P-t) curves were analyzed to determine the formation of hydrate. Additionally, the effect of newly synthesized combined promoters and various driving forces were evaluated. The experimental results demonstrated that the CO₂ uptake expanded as ΔP expanded and designated combined promoters type T1-5 and type T3-2 were the two best, acquiring a uptake of 5.95 and 5.57 mmol of CO₂ per g of H₂O separately. Ethylene glycol mono-ethyl ether (EGME) was demonstrated to be a good option to THF when linked with SDS, with a CO₂ uptake of 5.45 mmol for the designated combined promoters T1A-2. Additionally, the total sum of CO₂ devoured through hydrate development maximize as the measure of water inside mesoporous silica increased. All results of the studied parameters confirmed the reliability of experiments and successful implementation.