Abstract
Lithium-ion cells experience significant internal thermal gradients during operation, with a direct impact on their safety, performance, cost and lifetime. The estimation of the internal temperature of cells is therefore particularly important. In this work, a 3D distributed electro-thermal model for internal temperature estimation is developed for a cylindrical cell (LG M50T, NMC811). The model is parameterized and comprehensively validated against experimental data for 21700 cells, including direct core temperature measurements. Multiple types of electrical load are considered, including constant current discharge, pulse discharge, drive cycle and instant discharge/charge switching. The developed model is used to estimate core temperature based on surface temperature measurement. The predictions are shown to have good accuracy at relatively low computational cost. We show that the widely adopted two-node lumped thermal estimation model is increasingly inaccurate for more aggressive discharges, when thermal gradients become higher. Compared to the standard two-node model, the distributed equivalent circuit network model predicts the effects of detailed internal cell structure (electrode, current collector, metal can and tab) and distributed internal heat generation. The results are of immediate interest to cell manufacturers and battery pack designers, while the modelling and parameterization framework is a useful tool for energy storage systems design.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 234701 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Journal of Power Sources |
Volume | 611 |
Early online date | 25 May 2024 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 15 Aug 2024 |
Bibliographical note
© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Funder
This work was generously supported by the EPSRC Faraday Institution Multi-Scale Modelling project (EP/S003053/1, grant number FIRG003, FIRG025 and FIRG059), the Innovate UK WIZer project (grant number 104427).Keywords
- Lithium-ion battery
- Internal temperature estimation
- Kalman filter
- Electro-thermal model