Interaction of Geopolymer Filler and Alkali Molarity Concentration towards the Fire Properties of Glass-Reinforced Epoxy Composites Fabricated Using Filament Winding Technique

Mohammad Firdaus  Abu Hashim; Meor Ahmad  Faris; Md Azree Othuman  Mydin; Che Mohd Ruzaidi  Ghazali; Yusrina Mat  Daud; Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri  Abdullah; Farah Farhana  Zainal; Saloma; Muhammad Faheem Mohd  Tahir; Heah Cheng  Yong; Morteza Khorami

doi:10.3390/ma15186495

Interaction of Geopolymer Filler and Alkali Molarity Concentration towards the Fire Properties of Glass-Reinforced Epoxy Composites Fabricated Using Filament Winding Technique

Mohammad Firdaus Abu Hashim
, Meor Ahmad Faris
, Md Azree Othuman Mydin
, Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali
, Yusrina Mat Daud
, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
, Farah Farhana Zainal
, Saloma
, Muhammad Faheem Mohd Tahir
, Heah Cheng Yong
, Morteza Khorami

Universiti Malaysia Perlis
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
Sriwijaya University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Citations (Scopus)

264 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

This paper aims to find out the effect of different weight percentages of geopolymer filler in glass-reinforced epoxy pipe, and which can achieve the best mechanical properties and adhesion between high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer matrices. Different weight percentages and molarities of epoxy hardener resin and high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer were injected into the glass fiber. By manually winding filaments, composite samples were produced, and they were then allowed to cure at room temperature. To determine how well the geopolymer matrices adhere to the fiber reinforcement, the microstructure of the composites’ surfaces and perpendicular sections were examined. Maximum values of compressive strength and compressive modulus were 94.64 MPa and 2373.58 MPa, respectively, for the sample with a weight percentage of filler loading of 30 wt% for an alkali concentration of 12 M. This is a relatively wide range of geopolymer weight percentage of filler loading from 10 wt% to 40 wt%, at which we can obtain high compressive properties. By referring to microstructural analysis, adhesion, and interaction of the geopolymer matrix to glass fiber, it shows that the filler is well-dispersed and embedded at the fiber glass, and it was difficult to determine the differences within the range of optimal geopolymer filler content. By determining the optimum weight percent of 30 wt% of geopolymer filler and microstructural analysis, the maximum parameter has been achieved via analysis of high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler. Fire or elevated temperature represents one of the extreme ambient conditions that any structure may be exposed to during its service life. The heat resistance or thermal analysis between glass-reinforced epoxy (GRE) pipe and glass-reinforced epoxy pipe filled with high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler was studied by investigating burning tests on the samples, which shows that the addition of high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler results in a significant reduction of the melted epoxy. View Full-Text

Original language	English
Article number	6495
Number of pages	21
Journal	Materials
Volume	15
Issue number	18
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15186495
Publication status	Published - 19 Sept 2022

Bibliographical note

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/),
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited..

Funder

This study was supported by the Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTECH) UniMAP and Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, UniMAP. The authors wish to thank the Research Management Centre (RMC) UniMAP, for their financial support of this study.

This project is funded by King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST). We would like to extend our appreciation to the Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, UniMAP, and Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, UniMAP, for their countless inputs and the best technical support.

Funding

This study was supported by the Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTECH) UniMAP and Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, UniMAP. The authors wish to thank the Research Management Centre (RMC) UniMAP, for their financial support of this study. This project is funded by King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST). We would like to extend our appreciation to the Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, UniMAP, and Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, UniMAP, for their countless inputs and the best technical support.

Funders
Universiti Malaysia Perlis
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology
International Islamic University of Malaysia

Keywords

geopolymer
filament winding
glass-reinforced epoxy
mechanical properties
flame test

Access to Document

10.3390/ma15186495Licence: CC BY

PublishedFinal published version, 1.99 MBLicence: CC BY
materials-15-06495-v3Final published version, 4.86 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Abu Hashim, M. F., Faris, M. A., Mydin , M. A. O., Ghazali, C. M. R., Daud, Y. M., Abdullah, M. M. A. B., Zainal , F. F., Saloma, Tahir , M. F. M., Yong , H. C., & Khorami, M. (2022). Interaction of Geopolymer Filler and Alkali Molarity Concentration towards the Fire Properties of Glass-Reinforced Epoxy Composites Fabricated Using Filament Winding Technique. Materials, 15(18), Article 6495. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15186495

Interaction of Geopolymer Filler and Alkali Molarity Concentration towards the Fire Properties of Glass-Reinforced Epoxy Composites Fabricated Using Filament Winding Technique. / Abu Hashim, Mohammad Firdaus ; Faris, Meor Ahmad ; Mydin , Md Azree Othuman et al.
In: Materials, Vol. 15, No. 18, 6495, 19.09.2022.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abu Hashim, MF, Faris, MA, Mydin , MAO, Ghazali, CMR, Daud, YM, Abdullah, MMAB, Zainal , FF, Saloma, Tahir , MFM, Yong , HC & Khorami, M 2022, 'Interaction of Geopolymer Filler and Alkali Molarity Concentration towards the Fire Properties of Glass-Reinforced Epoxy Composites Fabricated Using Filament Winding Technique', Materials, vol. 15, no. 18, 6495. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15186495

@article{d8d3cb5fdca14b2a8e569b14bb487c71,

title = "Interaction of Geopolymer Filler and Alkali Molarity Concentration towards the Fire Properties of Glass-Reinforced Epoxy Composites Fabricated Using Filament Winding Technique",

abstract = "This paper aims to find out the effect of different weight percentages of geopolymer filler in glass-reinforced epoxy pipe, and which can achieve the best mechanical properties and adhesion between high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer matrices. Different weight percentages and molarities of epoxy hardener resin and high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer were injected into the glass fiber. By manually winding filaments, composite samples were produced, and they were then allowed to cure at room temperature. To determine how well the geopolymer matrices adhere to the fiber reinforcement, the microstructure of the composites{\textquoteright} surfaces and perpendicular sections were examined. Maximum values of compressive strength and compressive modulus were 94.64 MPa and 2373.58 MPa, respectively, for the sample with a weight percentage of filler loading of 30 wt\% for an alkali concentration of 12 M. This is a relatively wide range of geopolymer weight percentage of filler loading from 10 wt\% to 40 wt\%, at which we can obtain high compressive properties. By referring to microstructural analysis, adhesion, and interaction of the geopolymer matrix to glass fiber, it shows that the filler is well-dispersed and embedded at the fiber glass, and it was difficult to determine the differences within the range of optimal geopolymer filler content. By determining the optimum weight percent of 30 wt\% of geopolymer filler and microstructural analysis, the maximum parameter has been achieved via analysis of high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler. Fire or elevated temperature represents one of the extreme ambient conditions that any structure may be exposed to during its service life. The heat resistance or thermal analysis between glass-reinforced epoxy (GRE) pipe and glass-reinforced epoxy pipe filled with high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler was studied by investigating burning tests on the samples, which shows that the addition of high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler results in a significant reduction of the melted epoxy. View Full-Text ",

keywords = "geopolymer, filament winding, glass-reinforced epoxy, mechanical properties, flame test",

author = "\{Abu Hashim\}, \{Mohammad Firdaus\} and Faris, \{Meor Ahmad\} and Mydin, \{Md Azree Othuman\} and Ghazali, \{Che Mohd Ruzaidi\} and Daud, \{Yusrina Mat\} and Abdullah, \{Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri\} and Zainal, \{Farah Farhana\} and Saloma and Tahir, \{Muhammad Faheem Mohd\} and Yong, \{Heah Cheng\} and Morteza Khorami",

note = "This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.. ",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

day = "19",

doi = "10.3390/ma15186495",

language = "English",

volume = "15",

journal = "Materials",

issn = "1996-1944",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute",

number = "18",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Interaction of Geopolymer Filler and Alkali Molarity Concentration towards the Fire Properties of Glass-Reinforced Epoxy Composites Fabricated Using Filament Winding Technique

AU - Abu Hashim, Mohammad Firdaus

AU - Faris, Meor Ahmad

AU - Mydin , Md Azree Othuman

AU - Ghazali, Che Mohd Ruzaidi

AU - Daud, Yusrina Mat

AU - Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri

AU - Zainal , Farah Farhana

AU - Saloma, null

AU - Tahir , Muhammad Faheem Mohd

AU - Yong , Heah Cheng

AU - Khorami, Morteza

N1 - This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited..

PY - 2022/9/19

Y1 - 2022/9/19

N2 - This paper aims to find out the effect of different weight percentages of geopolymer filler in glass-reinforced epoxy pipe, and which can achieve the best mechanical properties and adhesion between high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer matrices. Different weight percentages and molarities of epoxy hardener resin and high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer were injected into the glass fiber. By manually winding filaments, composite samples were produced, and they were then allowed to cure at room temperature. To determine how well the geopolymer matrices adhere to the fiber reinforcement, the microstructure of the composites’ surfaces and perpendicular sections were examined. Maximum values of compressive strength and compressive modulus were 94.64 MPa and 2373.58 MPa, respectively, for the sample with a weight percentage of filler loading of 30 wt% for an alkali concentration of 12 M. This is a relatively wide range of geopolymer weight percentage of filler loading from 10 wt% to 40 wt%, at which we can obtain high compressive properties. By referring to microstructural analysis, adhesion, and interaction of the geopolymer matrix to glass fiber, it shows that the filler is well-dispersed and embedded at the fiber glass, and it was difficult to determine the differences within the range of optimal geopolymer filler content. By determining the optimum weight percent of 30 wt% of geopolymer filler and microstructural analysis, the maximum parameter has been achieved via analysis of high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler. Fire or elevated temperature represents one of the extreme ambient conditions that any structure may be exposed to during its service life. The heat resistance or thermal analysis between glass-reinforced epoxy (GRE) pipe and glass-reinforced epoxy pipe filled with high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler was studied by investigating burning tests on the samples, which shows that the addition of high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler results in a significant reduction of the melted epoxy. View Full-Text

AB - This paper aims to find out the effect of different weight percentages of geopolymer filler in glass-reinforced epoxy pipe, and which can achieve the best mechanical properties and adhesion between high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer matrices. Different weight percentages and molarities of epoxy hardener resin and high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer were injected into the glass fiber. By manually winding filaments, composite samples were produced, and they were then allowed to cure at room temperature. To determine how well the geopolymer matrices adhere to the fiber reinforcement, the microstructure of the composites’ surfaces and perpendicular sections were examined. Maximum values of compressive strength and compressive modulus were 94.64 MPa and 2373.58 MPa, respectively, for the sample with a weight percentage of filler loading of 30 wt% for an alkali concentration of 12 M. This is a relatively wide range of geopolymer weight percentage of filler loading from 10 wt% to 40 wt%, at which we can obtain high compressive properties. By referring to microstructural analysis, adhesion, and interaction of the geopolymer matrix to glass fiber, it shows that the filler is well-dispersed and embedded at the fiber glass, and it was difficult to determine the differences within the range of optimal geopolymer filler content. By determining the optimum weight percent of 30 wt% of geopolymer filler and microstructural analysis, the maximum parameter has been achieved via analysis of high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler. Fire or elevated temperature represents one of the extreme ambient conditions that any structure may be exposed to during its service life. The heat resistance or thermal analysis between glass-reinforced epoxy (GRE) pipe and glass-reinforced epoxy pipe filled with high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler was studied by investigating burning tests on the samples, which shows that the addition of high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler results in a significant reduction of the melted epoxy. View Full-Text

KW - geopolymer

KW - filament winding

KW - glass-reinforced epoxy

KW - mechanical properties

KW - flame test

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85138801031

U2 - 10.3390/ma15186495

DO - 10.3390/ma15186495

M3 - Article

SN - 1996-1944

VL - 15

JO - Materials

JF - Materials

IS - 18

M1 - 6495

ER -

Interaction of Geopolymer Filler and Alkali Molarity Concentration towards the Fire Properties of Glass-Reinforced Epoxy Composites Fabricated Using Filament Winding Technique

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funder

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this