In situ Observation of Calcium Oxide Treatment of Inclusions in Molten Steel by Confocal Microscopy

Bharat Khurana; Stephen Spooner; M. B. V. Rao; Gour Gopal Roy; Prakash Srirangam

doi:10.1007/s11663-017-0956-2

In situ Observation of Calcium Oxide Treatment of Inclusions in Molten Steel by Confocal Microscopy

Bharat Khurana, Stephen Spooner, M. B. V. Rao, Gour Gopal Roy, Prakash Srirangam

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Abstract

Calcium treatment of aluminum killed steel was observed in situ using high-temperature confocal scanning laser microscope (HT-CSLM). This technique along with a novel experimental design enables continuous observation of clustering behavior of inclusions before and after the calcium treatment. Results show that the increase in average inclusion size in non-calcium-treated condition was much faster compared to calcium-treated condition. Results also show that the magnitude of attractive capillary force between inclusion particles in non-treated condition was about 10⁻¹⁵ N for larger particles (10 µm) and 10⁻¹⁶ N for smaller particles (5 µm) and acting length of force was about 30 µm. In the case of calcium-treated condition, the magnitude and acting length of force was reduced to 10⁻¹⁶ N and 10 µm, respectively, for particles of all sizes. This change in attractive capillary attractive force is due to change in inclusion morphology from solid alumina disks to liquid lens particles during calcium treatment.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1409-1415
Number of pages	7
Journal	Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science
Volume	48
Early online date	9 Mar 2017
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-017-0956-2
Publication status	Published - Jun 2017
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

Keywords

Liquid Steel
Molten Steel
Inclusion Particle
Calcium Treatment
Cluster Behavior

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PublishedFinal published version, 2.25 MBLicence: CC BY

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title = "In situ Observation of Calcium Oxide Treatment of Inclusions in Molten Steel by Confocal Microscopy",

abstract = "Calcium treatment of aluminum killed steel was observed in situ using high-temperature confocal scanning laser microscope (HT-CSLM). This technique along with a novel experimental design enables continuous observation of clustering behavior of inclusions before and after the calcium treatment. Results show that the increase in average inclusion size in non-calcium-treated condition was much faster compared to calcium-treated condition. Results also show that the magnitude of attractive capillary force between inclusion particles in non-treated condition was about 10−15 N for larger particles (10 µm) and 10−16 N for smaller particles (5 µm) and acting length of force was about 30 µm. In the case of calcium-treated condition, the magnitude and acting length of force was reduced to 10−16 N and 10 µm, respectively, for particles of all sizes. This change in attractive capillary attractive force is due to change in inclusion morphology from solid alumina disks to liquid lens particles during calcium treatment.",

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note = "This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.",

year = "2017",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1007/s11663-017-0956-2",

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AU - Khurana, Bharat

AU - Spooner, Stephen

AU - Rao, M. B. V.

AU - Roy, Gour Gopal

AU - Srirangam, Prakash

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PY - 2017/6

Y1 - 2017/6

N2 - Calcium treatment of aluminum killed steel was observed in situ using high-temperature confocal scanning laser microscope (HT-CSLM). This technique along with a novel experimental design enables continuous observation of clustering behavior of inclusions before and after the calcium treatment. Results show that the increase in average inclusion size in non-calcium-treated condition was much faster compared to calcium-treated condition. Results also show that the magnitude of attractive capillary force between inclusion particles in non-treated condition was about 10−15 N for larger particles (10 µm) and 10−16 N for smaller particles (5 µm) and acting length of force was about 30 µm. In the case of calcium-treated condition, the magnitude and acting length of force was reduced to 10−16 N and 10 µm, respectively, for particles of all sizes. This change in attractive capillary attractive force is due to change in inclusion morphology from solid alumina disks to liquid lens particles during calcium treatment.

AB - Calcium treatment of aluminum killed steel was observed in situ using high-temperature confocal scanning laser microscope (HT-CSLM). This technique along with a novel experimental design enables continuous observation of clustering behavior of inclusions before and after the calcium treatment. Results show that the increase in average inclusion size in non-calcium-treated condition was much faster compared to calcium-treated condition. Results also show that the magnitude of attractive capillary force between inclusion particles in non-treated condition was about 10−15 N for larger particles (10 µm) and 10−16 N for smaller particles (5 µm) and acting length of force was about 30 µm. In the case of calcium-treated condition, the magnitude and acting length of force was reduced to 10−16 N and 10 µm, respectively, for particles of all sizes. This change in attractive capillary attractive force is due to change in inclusion morphology from solid alumina disks to liquid lens particles during calcium treatment.

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KW - Inclusion Particle

KW - Calcium Treatment

KW - Cluster Behavior

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JO - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science

JF - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science

ER -

In situ Observation of Calcium Oxide Treatment of Inclusions in Molten Steel by Confocal Microscopy

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