Improved Mechanistic Degradation Modes Modeling of Lithium and Sodium Plating

Lithium and sodium plating are inevitable when using negative electrodes with an electrochemical potential close to one of the charge carriers. Typical testing and modeling assume that plating occurs at 0 V when measured against the charge carrier. While this might be true under thermodynamic equilibrium, this is not true outside of steady state. This has significant implications as, by taking this into account, the testing voltage window of negative electrodes could be extended to allow gathering data for more complete discharges at higher rates. Moreover, from a modeling standpoint, it could also allow us to more accurately predict plating initiation potentials dynamically. This work presents the preliminary results of the investigation of what parameters are influencing the plating potential and how to take them into account in testing and modeling.