Impact of Body Mass Index on the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Analysis of 15.6 Million Participants

Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Cain C T Clark, Jamal Rahmani, Vijay Kumar Chattu

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    19 Citations (Scopus)
    62 Downloads (Pure)

    Abstract

    BACKGROUND: A growing trove of literature describes the effect of malnutrition and underweight on the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, evidence regarding the association between underweight or obesity and IBD is limited. The study aimed to assess the association of body mass index (BMI) with a risk of IBD (Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (U.C.)) incidence.

    METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus for observational studies assessing the association between BMI and IBD that were published up to 30 June 2020. We estimated pooled hazard ratios (HR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Random effect dose-response meta-analysis was performed using the variance weighted least-squares regression (VWLS) models to identify non-linear associations.

    RESULTS: A total of ten studies involving 15.6 million individuals and 23,371 cases of IBD were included. Overall, obesity was associated with an increased IBD risk (HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08-1.34, I2 = 0%). Compared to normal weight, underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were associated with a higher risk of CD, and there was no difference in the risk of U.C. among those with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. There was a significant non-linear association between being underweight and obesity and the risk of development of CD (Coef1 = -0.0902, p1 < 0.001 Coef2 = 0.0713, p2 < 0.001).

    CONCLUSIONS: Obesity increases the risk of IBD development. Underweight and obesity are independently associated with an increased risk of CD, yet there is no evident association between BMI and the risk of U.C. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanism for these findings, particularly in CD.

    Original languageEnglish
    Article number35
    Number of pages12
    JournalHealthcare
    Volume9
    Issue number1
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 3 Jan 2021

    Bibliographical note

    This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

    Keywords

    • obesity
    • body mass index
    • inflammatory bowel disease
    • Crohn’s disease;
    • systematic review
    • meta-analysis
    • dose-response analysis
    • Dose-response analysis
    • Obesity
    • Systematic review
    • Meta-analysis
    • Inflammatory bowel disease
    • Body mass index
    • Crohn’s disease

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • Health Information Management
    • Health Policy
    • Health Informatics
    • Leadership and Management

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