IDF diabetes Atlas: A worldwide review of studies utilizing retinal photography to screen for diabetic retinopathy from 2017 to 2024 inclusive

Aims: This study aimed to report the global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) based on retinal imaging, using English-language articles published from 2017 to June 2024. Methods: Three databases—Cochrane Library, Embase via OVID, and Medline via OVID—were searched using subject headings and keywords. An independent librarian conducted the initial search and developed the strategy. A total of 569 publications were uploaded to Rayyan for blinded screening, yielding 42 studies. Meta-analysis was performed to determine prevalence rates for any DR, proliferative DR (PDR), diabetic macular oedema (DMO), and sight-threatening DR (STDR). Results: Global prevalence rates across the 7 IDF regions were: any DR 23 % (95 % CI: 20–26), PDR 6 % (95 % CI: 3–9), DMO 5 % (95 % CI: 4–6), and STDR 11 % (95 % CI: 9–14). Compared to 2015–2019 data, the rate of any DR decreased from 27 % to 23 %, while PDR increased from 1.4 % to 6 %. DMO rates remained stable (∼5%). Conclusion: Global DR prevalence remains between 20 and 30%. However, variations in study design and regional practices limit trend interpretation. International screening guidelines, supported by advancing technology, are needed to produce robust epidemiological data for global Eye Health policy planning.