Household slow sand filters in intermittent and continuous flows to treat water containing low mineral ion concentrations and Bisphenol A

Lyda Patricia  Sabogal-Paz; Luiza C. Campos; Anna Bogush; Melisa Canales

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135078

Household slow sand filters in intermittent and continuous flows to treat water containing low mineral ion concentrations and Bisphenol A

Lyda Patricia Sabogal-Paz, Luiza C. Campos, Anna Bogush, Melisa Canales

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Abstract

Household slow sand filter (HSSF) has been used as an alternative to drinking water treatment in rural communities worldwide; however, its performance to treat influent water with quality similar to rainwater still needs further studies. Rainwater presents low pH and slight mineral ion concentrations, an aspect that can modify the filter media and consequently the HSSF efficiency. Furthermore, house roofs used in rainwater harvesting can be made of plastic. Therefore, it can introduce chemicals such as Bisphenol A (BPA) in the water. In this context, two pilot-scale HSSFs operated in continuous and intermittent flows were evaluated to treat water containing BPA and low mineral ion concentrations in order to assess the filter performance. Filter media leaching was noticed in the trials; thus, filter media and construction material selection must be carefully evaluated to eliminate risks of pollutant occurrence in drinking water. Operational differences between continuous and intermittent flows influenced the HSSF efficiency for BPA and DOC removals; even so, the filters’ performance was low probably due to the slow schmutzdecke development. According to tracer test results, HSSF can be classified as a plug flow reactor and strategies to improve its hydraulic performance are not required.

Original language	English
Article number	135078
Journal	Science of the Total Environment
Volume	702
Early online date	1 Nov 2019
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135078
Publication status	Published - 1 Feb 2020

Bibliographical note

NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Science of the Total Environment. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Science
of the Total Environment, 702, (2019) DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135078

© 2019, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Funder

The authors acknowledge the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Brazil, under Grant 17/02512-0 for the support to this work.

Keywords

Biosand filter
Decentralised treatment
Drinking water
Endocrine disruptor
Rainwater

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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135078

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Cite this

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title = "Household slow sand filters in intermittent and continuous flows to treat water containing low mineral ion concentrations and Bisphenol A",

abstract = "Household slow sand filter (HSSF) has been used as an alternative to drinking water treatment in rural communities worldwide; however, its performance to treat influent water with quality similar to rainwater still needs further studies. Rainwater presents low pH and slight mineral ion concentrations, an aspect that can modify the filter media and consequently the HSSF efficiency. Furthermore, house roofs used in rainwater harvesting can be made of plastic. Therefore, it can introduce chemicals such as Bisphenol A (BPA) in the water. In this context, two pilot-scale HSSFs operated in continuous and intermittent flows were evaluated to treat water containing BPA and low mineral ion concentrations in order to assess the filter performance. Filter media leaching was noticed in the trials; thus, filter media and construction material selection must be carefully evaluated to eliminate risks of pollutant occurrence in drinking water. Operational differences between continuous and intermittent flows influenced the HSSF efficiency for BPA and DOC removals; even so, the filters{\textquoteright} performance was low probably due to the slow schmutzdecke development. According to tracer test results, HSSF can be classified as a plug flow reactor and strategies to improve its hydraulic performance are not required.",

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Household slow sand filters in intermittent and continuous flows to treat water containing low mineral ion concentrations and Bisphenol A

Abstract

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Keywords

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