Frequency domain optical resolution photoacoustic and fluorescence microscopy using a modulated laser diode

G. Langer, A. Langer, B. Buchegger, J. Jacak, T.A. Klar, T. Berer

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference proceeding

5 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In this paper a multimodal optical-resolution photoacoustic and fluorescence microscope in frequency domain is presented. Photoacoustic waves and modulated fluorescence are generated in chromophores by using a modulated diode laser. The photoacoustic waves, recorded with a hydrophone, and the fluorescence signals, acquired with an avalanche photodiode, are simultaneously measured using a lock-in technique. Two possibilities to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio are discussed. The first method is based on the optimization of the excitation waveform and it is argued why square-wave excitation is best. The second way to enhance the SNR is to optimize the modulation frequency. For modulation periods that are much shorter than the relaxation times of the excited chromophores, the photoacoustic signal scales linearly with the modulation frequency. We come to the conclusion that frequency-domain photoacoustic microscopy performed with modulation frequencies in the range of 100 MHz can compete with time-domain photoacoustic microscopy regarding the signal-to-noise ratio. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by experimental results. Additionally, images of stained and unstained biological samples are presented in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the multimodal imaging system.
Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationPhotons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2017
EditorsAlexander A. Oraevsky, Lihong V. Wang
Place of PublicationUnited States
PublisherSPIE
Number of pages12
Volume10064
ISBN (Electronic)9781510605695
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 3 Mar 2017
Externally publishedYes
EventSPIE BiOS - San Francisco, United States
Duration: 28 Jan 20172 Feb 2017

Publication series

NameProceedings of SPIE

Conference

ConferenceSPIE BiOS
Country/TerritoryUnited States
CitySan Francisco
Period28/01/172/02/17

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