Exploring the experiences and coping strategies of older women encountering domestic violence and abuse: a qualitative study

Background: The number of older people in society is increasing worldwide. Yet their welfare needs often remain unmet, posing a global threat to public health. Consequently, the identification of effective coping strategies in this context is crucial, particularly for those who identify as women, who are more likely to experience violence than other groups. A paucity of evidence for such strategies in Iran exist, where cultural, social, and environmental influences prevail within society. Method: This qualitative study included women (n = 16) aged between 61 and 97 years old who had experienced domestic violence in Tehran, Iran. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted in 2023. Purposive sampling was employed with maximum diversity. Inductive content analysis was used to make sense of the data collected. Results: Four categories were identified: 1) seeking support, 2) adopting effective strategies, 3) adopting ineffective strategies, and 4) breaking free from the stalemate of later life. The following subcategories were also identified; 1) seeking support from professionals, 2) seeking support from the community, 3) seeking support from the law. Subcategories related to effective strategies included 1) spiritual strategies and 2) self-help. Ineffective strategies related to two subcategories: 1) ineffective common response and 2) ineffective immediate response. In breaking free from the stalemate of later life, participant responses were collated in the following subcategories: 1) final destination and 2) living in prolonged isolation. Conclusion: There is an absence of judicial and societal justice for those experiencing domestic violence and abuse in Iran. Educational, judicial, and social interventions are required in the pursuit of justice for all and better lives free from violence. These are particularly urgent given reports of suicidal ideation. Prevention models may also be useful along with the dismantling of systems which uphold patriarchy, and ultimately the oppression of women worldwide.