Energy development in the Russian Arctic: Examining the development of the Northern Sea Route in the context of geopolitical competition

This paper will explore the role of Russia in the Artic from a legal and political perspective in light of the changes in the Artic environment. Russia has moved to adopt a strategy to develop those resources. This poses a problem for the Artic countries in general and the protection of their interests. Russia has been pursuing a clear strategy in the region, It is also important to reemphasise that following the imposition of sanctions, The EU has been increasing its efforts to become less reliable on Russian gas exports as it seeks to further invest into renewable energy. Russia has sought to diversify its energy mix with renewables and other sources of energy. But, it is also important to point out that the development of energy infrastructure in the Arctic (by all Artic Nations) poses a serious threat on the social level; from the local, regional to the international communities. With the Arctic being one of the last relatively untouched frontiers, due to the harsh environment and lack of infrastructure – the risks for disaster are multiplied. However, in line with its Energy Strategy 2030, Russia is asserting a stronger position, backed by increasing support from China. So, in diversifying post-Paris Agreement, Resolution No.449 seeks to support renewable energy sources but as it currently stands – the legislation does not match the ambitious targets, what lessons can it learn from its more environmentally conscious neighbours? Do the risks outweigh benefits?