Emissions and performance with diesel and waste lubricating oil: A fundamental study into cold start operation with a special focus on particle number size distribution

Ali Zare; Timothy A. Bodisco; Puneet Verma; Mohammad Jafari; Meisam Babaie; Liping Yang; M. M. Rahman; Andrew Banks; Zoran D. Ristovski; Richard J. Brown; Svetlana Stevanovic

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112604

Emissions and performance with diesel and waste lubricating oil: A fundamental study into cold start operation with a special focus on particle number size distribution

Ali Zare, Timothy A. Bodisco, Puneet Verma, Mohammad Jafari, Meisam Babaie, Liping Yang, M. M. Rahman, Andrew Banks, Zoran D. Ristovski, Richard J. Brown, Svetlana Stevanovic

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

14 Citations (Scopus)

31 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of engine temperature during cold start and hot start engine operation on particulate matter emissions and engine performance parameters. In addition to a fundamental study on cold start operation and the effect of lubricating oil during combustion, this research introduces important knowledge about regulated particulate number emissions and particulate size distribution during cold start, which is an emerging area in the literature. A further aspect of this work is to introduce waste lubricating oil as a fuel. By using diesel and two blends of diesel with 1 and 5% waste lubricating oil in a 6-cylinder turbocharged engine on a cold start custom test, this investigation studied particle number (PN), friction losses and combustion instability with diesel and waste lubricating oil fuel blends. In order to understand and explain the results the following were also studied: particle size distribution and median diameter, engine oil, coolant and exhaust gas temperatures, start of injection, friction mean effective pressure (FMEP), mechanical efficiency, coefficient of variation (CoV) of engine speed, CoV of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and maximum rate of pressure rise were also studied. The results showed that during cold start the increase in engine temperature was associated with an increase in PN and size of particles, and a decrease in FMEP and maximum rate of pressure rise. Compared to a warmed up engine, during cold start, PN, start of injection and mechanical efficiency were lower; while FMEP, CoV of IMEP and maximum rate of pressure rise were higher. Adding 5% waste lubricating oil to the fuel was associated with a decrease in PN (during cold start), decreased particle size, maximum rate of pressure rise and CoV of IMEP and was associated with an increase in PN and nucleation mode particles (during hot start) and FMEP.

Original language	English
Article number	112604
Journal	Energy Conversion and Management
Volume	209
Early online date	7 Mar 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112604
Publication status	Published - 1 Apr 2020

Bibliographical note

NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Energy Conversion and Management. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Energy Conversion and Management, 209, (2020) DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112604

© 2020, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Funder

Australian Research Council Linkage Projects funding scheme (project number LP110200158).

Keywords

Cold-start
Engine warm up
Particle size distribution
Particulate matter
PN
Waste lubriacating oil

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Nuclear Energy and Engineering
Fuel Technology
Energy Engineering and Power Technology

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112604

Post-PrintAccepted author manuscript, 527 KBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

Cite this

Zare, A., Bodisco, T. A., Verma, P., Jafari, M., Babaie, M., Yang, L., Rahman, M. M., Banks, A., Ristovski, Z. D., Brown, R. J., & Stevanovic, S. (2020). Emissions and performance with diesel and waste lubricating oil: A fundamental study into cold start operation with a special focus on particle number size distribution. Energy Conversion and Management, 209, [112604]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112604

Zare, A, Bodisco, TA, Verma, P, Jafari, M, Babaie, M, Yang, L, Rahman, MM, Banks, A, Ristovski, ZD, Brown, RJ & Stevanovic, S 2020, 'Emissions and performance with diesel and waste lubricating oil: A fundamental study into cold start operation with a special focus on particle number size distribution', Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 209, 112604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112604

@article{e55b10dc77e74e619bbef9da365c9a0d,

title = "Emissions and performance with diesel and waste lubricating oil: A fundamental study into cold start operation with a special focus on particle number size distribution",

abstract = "This study investigates the effect of engine temperature during cold start and hot start engine operation on particulate matter emissions and engine performance parameters. In addition to a fundamental study on cold start operation and the effect of lubricating oil during combustion, this research introduces important knowledge about regulated particulate number emissions and particulate size distribution during cold start, which is an emerging area in the literature. A further aspect of this work is to introduce waste lubricating oil as a fuel. By using diesel and two blends of diesel with 1 and 5% waste lubricating oil in a 6-cylinder turbocharged engine on a cold start custom test, this investigation studied particle number (PN), friction losses and combustion instability with diesel and waste lubricating oil fuel blends. In order to understand and explain the results the following were also studied: particle size distribution and median diameter, engine oil, coolant and exhaust gas temperatures, start of injection, friction mean effective pressure (FMEP), mechanical efficiency, coefficient of variation (CoV) of engine speed, CoV of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and maximum rate of pressure rise were also studied. The results showed that during cold start the increase in engine temperature was associated with an increase in PN and size of particles, and a decrease in FMEP and maximum rate of pressure rise. Compared to a warmed up engine, during cold start, PN, start of injection and mechanical efficiency were lower; while FMEP, CoV of IMEP and maximum rate of pressure rise were higher. Adding 5% waste lubricating oil to the fuel was associated with a decrease in PN (during cold start), decreased particle size, maximum rate of pressure rise and CoV of IMEP and was associated with an increase in PN and nucleation mode particles (during hot start) and FMEP.",

keywords = "Cold-start, Engine warm up, Particle size distribution, Particulate matter, PN, Waste lubriacating oil",

author = "Ali Zare and Bodisco, {Timothy A.} and Puneet Verma and Mohammad Jafari and Meisam Babaie and Liping Yang and Rahman, {M. M.} and Andrew Banks and Ristovski, {Zoran D.} and Brown, {Richard J.} and Svetlana Stevanovic",

note = "NOTICE: this is the author{\textquoteright}s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Energy Conversion and Management. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Energy Conversion and Management, 209, (2020) DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112604 {\textcopyright} 2020, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ",

year = "2020",

month = apr,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112604",

language = "English",

volume = "209",

journal = "Energy Conversion and Management",

issn = "0196-8904",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Emissions and performance with diesel and waste lubricating oil

T2 - A fundamental study into cold start operation with a special focus on particle number size distribution

AU - Zare, Ali

AU - Bodisco, Timothy A.

AU - Verma, Puneet

AU - Jafari, Mohammad

AU - Babaie, Meisam

AU - Yang, Liping

AU - Rahman, M. M.

AU - Banks, Andrew

AU - Ristovski, Zoran D.

AU - Brown, Richard J.

AU - Stevanovic, Svetlana

N1 - NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Energy Conversion and Management. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Energy Conversion and Management, 209, (2020) DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112604 © 2020, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

PY - 2020/4/1

Y1 - 2020/4/1

N2 - This study investigates the effect of engine temperature during cold start and hot start engine operation on particulate matter emissions and engine performance parameters. In addition to a fundamental study on cold start operation and the effect of lubricating oil during combustion, this research introduces important knowledge about regulated particulate number emissions and particulate size distribution during cold start, which is an emerging area in the literature. A further aspect of this work is to introduce waste lubricating oil as a fuel. By using diesel and two blends of diesel with 1 and 5% waste lubricating oil in a 6-cylinder turbocharged engine on a cold start custom test, this investigation studied particle number (PN), friction losses and combustion instability with diesel and waste lubricating oil fuel blends. In order to understand and explain the results the following were also studied: particle size distribution and median diameter, engine oil, coolant and exhaust gas temperatures, start of injection, friction mean effective pressure (FMEP), mechanical efficiency, coefficient of variation (CoV) of engine speed, CoV of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and maximum rate of pressure rise were also studied. The results showed that during cold start the increase in engine temperature was associated with an increase in PN and size of particles, and a decrease in FMEP and maximum rate of pressure rise. Compared to a warmed up engine, during cold start, PN, start of injection and mechanical efficiency were lower; while FMEP, CoV of IMEP and maximum rate of pressure rise were higher. Adding 5% waste lubricating oil to the fuel was associated with a decrease in PN (during cold start), decreased particle size, maximum rate of pressure rise and CoV of IMEP and was associated with an increase in PN and nucleation mode particles (during hot start) and FMEP.

AB - This study investigates the effect of engine temperature during cold start and hot start engine operation on particulate matter emissions and engine performance parameters. In addition to a fundamental study on cold start operation and the effect of lubricating oil during combustion, this research introduces important knowledge about regulated particulate number emissions and particulate size distribution during cold start, which is an emerging area in the literature. A further aspect of this work is to introduce waste lubricating oil as a fuel. By using diesel and two blends of diesel with 1 and 5% waste lubricating oil in a 6-cylinder turbocharged engine on a cold start custom test, this investigation studied particle number (PN), friction losses and combustion instability with diesel and waste lubricating oil fuel blends. In order to understand and explain the results the following were also studied: particle size distribution and median diameter, engine oil, coolant and exhaust gas temperatures, start of injection, friction mean effective pressure (FMEP), mechanical efficiency, coefficient of variation (CoV) of engine speed, CoV of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and maximum rate of pressure rise were also studied. The results showed that during cold start the increase in engine temperature was associated with an increase in PN and size of particles, and a decrease in FMEP and maximum rate of pressure rise. Compared to a warmed up engine, during cold start, PN, start of injection and mechanical efficiency were lower; while FMEP, CoV of IMEP and maximum rate of pressure rise were higher. Adding 5% waste lubricating oil to the fuel was associated with a decrease in PN (during cold start), decreased particle size, maximum rate of pressure rise and CoV of IMEP and was associated with an increase in PN and nucleation mode particles (during hot start) and FMEP.

KW - Cold-start

KW - Engine warm up

KW - Particle size distribution

KW - Particulate matter

KW - PN

KW - Waste lubriacating oil

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85081032193&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112604

DO - 10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112604

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85081032193

SN - 0196-8904

VL - 209

JO - Energy Conversion and Management

JF - Energy Conversion and Management

M1 - 112604

ER -

Emissions and performance with diesel and waste lubricating oil: A fundamental study into cold start operation with a special focus on particle number size distribution

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funder

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this