Designing safe and secure mixed traffic systems

Every day, more and more Automated Vehicles (AVs) are introduced to the roads, where they need to efficiently and safely coexist with other motorized and non-motorized traffic participants. In the long run, AVs are expected to help in significantly reducing traffic injuries and improving road safety. However, to be able to achieve this goal, AVs themselves as well as their interactions with other road users must be safe and secure. In our earlier work, we proposed an approach, CESAM&SSM, for modeling safe and secure Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS). C-ITS include cooperating AVs and road infrastructure. This paper extends our earlier work and proposes an approach for designing safe and secure mixed traffic systems, which include AVs, infrastructure, and non-automated road users, such as pedestrians, bicyclists, and conventional vehicles. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated using a typical situation of AV interaction with pedestrians at crossings without traffic lights.