Designing open quantum systems for enabling quantum-enhanced sensing through classical measurements

Robert Mattes; Albert Cabot; Federico Carollo; Igor Lesanovsky

doi:10.1103/5gh9-nmv8

Designing open quantum systems for enabling quantum-enhanced sensing through classical measurements

Robert Mattes
, Albert Cabot
, Federico Carollo
, Igor Lesanovsky

Research Centre for Fluid and Complex Systems

Research output: Contribution to journal › Letter › peer-review

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Abstract

Quantum systems in none quilibrium conditions, where coherent many-body interactions compete with dissipative effects, can feature rich phase diagrams and emergent critical behavior. Associated collective effects, together with the continuous observation of quanta dissipated into the environment — typically photons — allow to achieve quantum enhanced parameter estimation. However,protocols for tapping this enhancement typically involve intricate measurements on the combined system-environment state. Here we show that many-body quantum enhancement can in fact be obtained through classical measurements, such as photon counting and homodyne detection. We illustrate this in detail for a class of open spin-boson models which can be realized in trapped-ion or cavity QED setups. Our findings highlight a route towards the design of systems that enable a practical implementation of quantum enhanced metrology through continuous classical measurements

Original language	English
Article number	230402
Number of pages	8
Journal	Physical Review Letters
Volume	135
Issue number	23
Early online date	3 Dec 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/5gh9-nmv8
Publication status	Published - 5 Dec 2025

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 American Physical Society.
Copyright © and Moral Rights are retained by the author(s) and/ or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This item cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.

This document is the author’s post-print version, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer-review process. Some differences between the published version and this version may remain and you are advised to consult the published version if you wish to cite from it.

Funding

We would like to thank M. Guţǎ for interesting discussions on the saturation of the system-environment QFI and K. Mølmer for interesting comments on the optimality of homodyne detection. We acknowledge support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) through the Walter Benjamin program, Grant No. 519847240, and the Research Unit FOR 5413/1, Grant No. 465199066. F. C. is indebted to the Baden-Württemberg Stiftung for the financial support of this research project by the Eliteprogramme for Postdocs. We acknowledge support by the state of Baden-Württemberg through bwHPC and the DFG through Grant No. INST 40/575-1 FUGG (JUSTUS 2 cluster). We acknowledge support from the Leverhulme Trust (Grant No. RPG-2024-112). This work was supported by the QuantERA II program (project CoQuaDis, DFG Grant No. 532763411), which has received funding from the EU H2020 research and innovation program under GA No. 101017733. This work is also supported by the ERC grant OPEN-2QS (Grant No. 101164443).

Funders	Funder number
Baden-Württemberg Stiftung
European Research Council	101164443, OPEN-2QS
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft	FOR 5413/1, 465199066, 519847240
Leverhulme Trust	RPG-2024-112, 532763411
Horizon Europe	101017733

Keywords

Open quantum systems
Quantum parameter estimation
Quantum sensing
Time crystals
Lindblad equation

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10.1103/5gh9-nmv8

Carollo2025AAMAccepted author manuscript, 3.84 MB

Cite this

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abstract = "Quantum systems in none quilibrium conditions, where coherent many-body interactions compete with dissipative effects, can feature rich phase diagrams and emergent critical behavior. Associated collective effects, together with the continuous observation of quanta dissipated into the environment — typically photons — allow to achieve quantum enhanced parameter estimation. However,protocols for tapping this enhancement typically involve intricate measurements on the combined system-environment state. Here we show that many-body quantum enhancement can in fact be obtained through classical measurements, such as photon counting and homodyne detection. We illustrate this in detail for a class of open spin-boson models which can be realized in trapped-ion or cavity QED setups. Our findings highlight a route towards the design of systems that enable a practical implementation of quantum enhanced metrology through continuous classical measurements",

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Designing open quantum systems for enabling quantum-enhanced sensing through classical measurements

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Keywords

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