Cultures and practices of local civilian self-protection in South Sudan

This paper investigates South Sudanese cultural practices used for civilian self-protection, early warning and conflict preparedness, and their psychological implications. South Sudan has suffered enormously from violence and instability, and has cultural practices to avoid, postpone, or negotiate conflict. Practices of early warning and self-protection show some ethnic distinctions, tend to be traditional and rely on spiritual or customary authority. While there are secular dimensions, a key aspect of these practices relates to esoteric protection, using defensive curses and sanctifying objects and places. We recorded symbols and rituals for communication, preparedness, and protection, and spoke with Chiefs, spiritual leaders and village elders. They discuss the protection responsibilities for men and women, at different ages, seniority and spiritual status. Community self-protection practices emerge as a core aspect of cultural life and group identity, with resonance beyond immediate protection and responding to insecurity. We call for greater sensitivity to the implications of such practices.