The COVID-19 lockdown and changes in routine-oriented lifestyle behaviors and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia in South Africa

Jonathan Davy; Karine Scheuermaier; Laura Roden; Candice Christie; Alison Bentley; F.X. Gómez-Olivé; Stella Iacovides; Raphaella Lewis; Gosia Lipinska; Johanna Roche; Swantje Zschernack; Dale E Rae

doi:10.1123/jpah.2020-0863

The COVID-19 lockdown and changes in routine-oriented lifestyle behaviors and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia in South Africa

Jonathan Davy, Karine Scheuermaier, Laura Roden, Candice Christie, Alison Bentley, F.X. Gómez-Olivé, Stella Iacovides, Raphaella Lewis, Gosia Lipinska, Johanna Roche, Swantje Zschernack, Dale E Rae

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The authors assessed the impact of lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on routine-oriented lifestyle behaviors and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia in South Africans.

METHODS: In this observational study, 1048 adults (median age = 27 y; n = 767 females; n = 473 students) responded to an online survey on work, exercise, screen, alcohol, caffeine and sleep behaviors, depression, anxiety, and insomnia before and during lockdown. Comparisons were made between males and females, and students and nonstudents.

RESULTS: During lockdown, males reported larger reductions in higher intensity exercise and alcohol use than females, while depressive symptoms increased more among females, more of whom also reported poorer sleep quality. Students demonstrated larger delays in work and sleep timing, greater increases in sitting, screen, sleep duration, napping, depression and insomnia and larger decreases in work hours, exercise time, and sleep regularity compared with nonstudents.

CONCLUSIONS: Students experienced more changes in their routine-oriented behaviors than nonstudents, coupled with larger increases in depression and insomnia. The dramatic change in their work and sleep timing suggests habitual routines that are at odds with their chronotype, with their sleep changes during lockdown likely reflecting "catch-up" sleep in response to accumulated sleep debt under usual routines.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1046-1057
Number of pages	12
Journal	Journal of Physical Activity & Health
Volume	18
Issue number	9
Early online date	29 Jun 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2020-0863
Publication status	Published - Sept 2021

Bibliographical note

Accepted author manuscript version reprinted, by permission, from Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2020-0863 © Human Kinetics, Inc.

Copyright © and Moral Rights are retained by the author(s) and/ or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This item cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.

Funder

J.R. was supported by a postdoctoral research fellowship from the University of the Witwatersrand's University Research Council.

Keywords

Daily routine
Mental health
Sleep

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1123/jpah.2020-0863

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Davy, J., Scheuermaier, K., Roden, L., Christie, C., Bentley, A., Gómez-Olivé, F. X., Iacovides, S., Lewis, R., Lipinska, G., Roche, J., Zschernack, S., & Rae, D. E. (2021). The COVID-19 lockdown and changes in routine-oriented lifestyle behaviors and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia in South Africa. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 18(9), 1046-1057. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2020-0863

Davy, J, Scheuermaier, K, Roden, L, Christie, C, Bentley, A, Gómez-Olivé, FX, Iacovides, S, Lewis, R, Lipinska, G, Roche, J, Zschernack, S & Rae, DE 2021, 'The COVID-19 lockdown and changes in routine-oriented lifestyle behaviors and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia in South Africa', Journal of Physical Activity & Health, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 1046-1057. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2020-0863

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AU - Gómez-Olivé, F.X.

AU - Iacovides, Stella

AU - Lewis, Raphaella

AU - Lipinska, Gosia

AU - Roche, Johanna

AU - Zschernack, Swantje

AU - Rae, Dale E

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The COVID-19 lockdown and changes in routine-oriented lifestyle behaviors and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia in South Africa

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funder

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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