Comparison of Newtonian and Non-newtonian Fluid Models in Blood Flow Simulation in Patients With Intracranial Arterial Stenosis

Haipeng Liu; Linfang Lan; Jill Abrigo; Hing Lung Ip; Yannie O.Y. Soo; Dingchang Zheng; Ka Sing Wong; Defeng Wang; Lin Shi; Thomas Wai Hong Leung; Xinyi Leng

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.718540

Comparison of Newtonian and Non-newtonian Fluid Models in Blood Flow Simulation in Patients With Intracranial Arterial Stenosis

Haipeng Liu, Linfang Lan, Jill Abrigo, Hing Lung Ip, Yannie O.Y. Soo, Dingchang Zheng, Ka Sing Wong, Defeng Wang, Lin Shi, Thomas Wai Hong Leung, Xinyi Leng

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Abstract

Background: Newtonian fluid model has been commonly applied in simulating cerebral blood flow in intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) cases using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, while blood is a shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid. We aimed to investigate the differences of cerebral hemodynamic metrics quantified in CFD models built with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid assumptions, in patients with ICAS.

Methods: We built a virtual artery model with an eccentric 75% stenosis and performed static CFD simulation. We also constructed CFD models in three patients with ICAS of different severities in the luminal stenosis. We performed static simulations on these models with Newtonian and two non-Newtonian (Casson and Carreau-Yasuda) fluid models. We also performed transient simulations on another patient-specific model. We measured translesional pressure ratio (PR) and wall shear stress (WSS) values in all CFD models, to reflect the changes in pressure and WSS across a stenotic lesion. In all the simulations, we compared the PR and WSS values in CFD models derived with Newtonian, Casson, and Carreau-Yasuda fluid assumptions.

Results: In all the static and transient simulations, the Newtonian/non-Newtonian difference on PR value was negligible. As to WSS, in static models (virtual and patient-specific), the rheological difference was not obvious in areas with high WSS, but observable in low WSS areas. In the transient model, the rheological difference of WSS areas with low WSS was enhanced, especially during diastolic period.

Conclusion: Newtonian fluid model could be applicable for PR calculation, but caution needs to be taken when using the Newtonian assumption in simulating WSS especially in severe ICAS cases.

Original language	English
Article number	718540
Number of pages	11
Journal	Frontiers in Physiology
Volume	12
Early online date	6 Sept 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.718540
Publication status	Published - 6 Sept 2021

Bibliographical note

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

Funder

General Research Fund (Reference No. 14106019), Research Grants Council of Hong Kong; the Lee Hysan Postdoctoral Fellowship in Clinical Neurosciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong; and the Young Scientists Fund (Reference No. 81601000)

Keywords

non-Newtonian fluid
intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis
, computational fluid dynamics
translesional pressure ratio
wall shear stress
computational fluid dynamics

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Physiology (medical)
Physiology

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10.3389/fphys.2021.718540Licence: CC BY

PublishedFinal published version, 2.88 MBLicence: CC BY

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@article{225111fdb5ca49428af840fd1c248c2e,

title = "Comparison of Newtonian and Non-newtonian Fluid Models in Blood Flow Simulation in Patients With Intracranial Arterial Stenosis",

abstract = "Background: Newtonian fluid model has been commonly applied in simulating cerebral blood flow in intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) cases using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, while blood is a shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid. We aimed to investigate the differences of cerebral hemodynamic metrics quantified in CFD models built with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid assumptions, in patients with ICAS.Methods: We built a virtual artery model with an eccentric 75% stenosis and performed static CFD simulation. We also constructed CFD models in three patients with ICAS of different severities in the luminal stenosis. We performed static simulations on these models with Newtonian and two non-Newtonian (Casson and Carreau-Yasuda) fluid models. We also performed transient simulations on another patient-specific model. We measured translesional pressure ratio (PR) and wall shear stress (WSS) values in all CFD models, to reflect the changes in pressure and WSS across a stenotic lesion. In all the simulations, we compared the PR and WSS values in CFD models derived with Newtonian, Casson, and Carreau-Yasuda fluid assumptions.Results: In all the static and transient simulations, the Newtonian/non-Newtonian difference on PR value was negligible. As to WSS, in static models (virtual and patient-specific), the rheological difference was not obvious in areas with high WSS, but observable in low WSS areas. In the transient model, the rheological difference of WSS areas with low WSS was enhanced, especially during diastolic period.Conclusion: Newtonian fluid model could be applicable for PR calculation, but caution needs to be taken when using the Newtonian assumption in simulating WSS especially in severe ICAS cases.",

keywords = "non-Newtonian fluid, intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, , computational fluid dynamics, translesional pressure ratio, wall shear stress, computational fluid dynamics",

author = "Haipeng Liu and Linfang Lan and Jill Abrigo and Ip, {Hing Lung} and Soo, {Yannie O.Y.} and Dingchang Zheng and Wong, {Ka Sing} and Defeng Wang and Lin Shi and Leung, {Thomas Wai Hong} and Xinyi Leng",

note = "This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.",

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month = sep,

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doi = "10.3389/fphys.2021.718540",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

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T1 - Comparison of Newtonian and Non-newtonian Fluid Models in Blood Flow Simulation in Patients With Intracranial Arterial Stenosis

AU - Liu, Haipeng

AU - Lan, Linfang

AU - Abrigo, Jill

AU - Ip, Hing Lung

AU - Soo, Yannie O.Y.

AU - Zheng, Dingchang

AU - Wong, Ka Sing

AU - Wang, Defeng

AU - Shi, Lin

AU - Leung, Thomas Wai Hong

AU - Leng, Xinyi

N1 - This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PY - 2021/9/6

Y1 - 2021/9/6

N2 - Background: Newtonian fluid model has been commonly applied in simulating cerebral blood flow in intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) cases using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, while blood is a shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid. We aimed to investigate the differences of cerebral hemodynamic metrics quantified in CFD models built with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid assumptions, in patients with ICAS.Methods: We built a virtual artery model with an eccentric 75% stenosis and performed static CFD simulation. We also constructed CFD models in three patients with ICAS of different severities in the luminal stenosis. We performed static simulations on these models with Newtonian and two non-Newtonian (Casson and Carreau-Yasuda) fluid models. We also performed transient simulations on another patient-specific model. We measured translesional pressure ratio (PR) and wall shear stress (WSS) values in all CFD models, to reflect the changes in pressure and WSS across a stenotic lesion. In all the simulations, we compared the PR and WSS values in CFD models derived with Newtonian, Casson, and Carreau-Yasuda fluid assumptions.Results: In all the static and transient simulations, the Newtonian/non-Newtonian difference on PR value was negligible. As to WSS, in static models (virtual and patient-specific), the rheological difference was not obvious in areas with high WSS, but observable in low WSS areas. In the transient model, the rheological difference of WSS areas with low WSS was enhanced, especially during diastolic period.Conclusion: Newtonian fluid model could be applicable for PR calculation, but caution needs to be taken when using the Newtonian assumption in simulating WSS especially in severe ICAS cases.

AB - Background: Newtonian fluid model has been commonly applied in simulating cerebral blood flow in intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) cases using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, while blood is a shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid. We aimed to investigate the differences of cerebral hemodynamic metrics quantified in CFD models built with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid assumptions, in patients with ICAS.Methods: We built a virtual artery model with an eccentric 75% stenosis and performed static CFD simulation. We also constructed CFD models in three patients with ICAS of different severities in the luminal stenosis. We performed static simulations on these models with Newtonian and two non-Newtonian (Casson and Carreau-Yasuda) fluid models. We also performed transient simulations on another patient-specific model. We measured translesional pressure ratio (PR) and wall shear stress (WSS) values in all CFD models, to reflect the changes in pressure and WSS across a stenotic lesion. In all the simulations, we compared the PR and WSS values in CFD models derived with Newtonian, Casson, and Carreau-Yasuda fluid assumptions.Results: In all the static and transient simulations, the Newtonian/non-Newtonian difference on PR value was negligible. As to WSS, in static models (virtual and patient-specific), the rheological difference was not obvious in areas with high WSS, but observable in low WSS areas. In the transient model, the rheological difference of WSS areas with low WSS was enhanced, especially during diastolic period.Conclusion: Newtonian fluid model could be applicable for PR calculation, but caution needs to be taken when using the Newtonian assumption in simulating WSS especially in severe ICAS cases.

KW - non-Newtonian fluid

KW - intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis

KW - , computational fluid dynamics

KW - translesional pressure ratio

KW - wall shear stress

KW - computational fluid dynamics

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DO - 10.3389/fphys.2021.718540

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JO - Frontiers in Physiology

JF - Frontiers in Physiology

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ER -

Comparison of Newtonian and Non-newtonian Fluid Models in Blood Flow Simulation in Patients With Intracranial Arterial Stenosis

Abstract

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Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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Corrigendum: Comparison of Newtonian and Non-newtonian Fluid Models in Blood Flow Simulation in Patients With Intracranial Arterial Stenosis (Front. Physiol., (2021), 12, (718540), 10.3389/fphys.2021.718540)

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