Big Data analytics and Computational Intelligence for Cyber–Physical Systems: Recent trends and state of the art applications

Big data is fuelling the digital revolution in an increasingly knowledge driven and connected society by offering big data analytics and computational intelligence based solutions to reduce the complexity and cognitive burden on accessing and processing large volumes of data. In this paper, we discuss the importance of big data analytics and computational intelligence techniques applied to data produced from the myriad of pervasively connected machines and personalized devices offering embedded and distributed information processing capabilities. We provide a comprehensive survey of computational intelligence techniques appropriate for the effective processing and analysis of big data. We discuss a number of exemplar application areas that generate big data and can hence benefit from its effective processing. State of the art research and novel applications in health-care, intelligent transportation and social network sentiment analysis, are presented and discussed in the context of Big data, Cyber–Physical Systems (CPS), and Computational Intelligence (CI). We present a data modelling methodology, which introduces a novel biologically inspired universal generative modelling approach called Hierarchical Spatial–Temporal State Machine (HSTSM). The HSTSM modelling approach incorporates a number of soft computing techniques such as: deep belief networks, auto-encoders, agglomerative hierarchical clustering and temporal sequence processing, in order to address the computational challenges arising from analysing and processing large volumes of diverse data to provide an effective big data analytics tool for diverse application areas. A conceptual cyber–physical architecture, which can accommodate and benefit from the proposed methodology, is further presented.