Benchmarking eco-efficiency in green supply chain practices in uncertainty

Benchmarking has not received much attention in the eco-efficiency literature because of the lack of an appropriate methodology to aid the electronic production process in green supply chain (GSC) practices. This study fills this analytical gap and suggests a rigorous quantitative approach for benchmarking eco-efficiency. However, there are qualitative and quantitative approaches to the eco-efficient criteria. Hence, this study undertakes fuzzy set theory within reference model (known as TODIM), a method that allows users to assess both qualitative and quantitative data together. This study is to aid traditional benchmarking activities and to provide guidance to practitioners and an example of a largest smart phone manufacturer across the globe to demonstrate the proposed technique with appropriate result to benchmark the eco-efficiency in GSC under uncertainty. TODIM is useful for identifying the best performing units against which to be benchmarked as well as for providing actionable measures for improvement of a firm’s performance. This study compares gain and loss functions as benchmarking tools in GSC practices. Implications for managers and directions for future research are discussed.