Assessment of Sustainable Biomass Energy Technologies in Pakistan Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process

Hira  Soomro; Syed  Feroz Shah; Wasayo  Sanam Sahito; Mohammad Aslam  Uqaili; Laveet  Kumar; Jonathan Nixon; Khanji  Harijan

doi:10.3390/su141811388

Assessment of Sustainable Biomass Energy Technologies in Pakistan Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process

Hira Soomro, Syed Feroz Shah , Wasayo Sanam Sahito , Mohammad Aslam Uqaili, Laveet Kumar, Jonathan Nixon, Khanji Harijan

School of Mechanical Engineering

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Abstract

Highlights: What are the main findings? Assessment of three cookstove technologies using the AHP. Technological, social, economic, and environmental criteria were evaluated. What is the implication of the main finding? The technologies were assessed using four main criteria corresponding to 12 sub-criteria. ECS technology is the most advantageous technology, followed by BCS and TCS. Pakistan is not merely confronting the energy crisis but also dealing with the scarcity of economical technologies for the utilization of energy resources. From the basic resources, renewable energy is one of the considerable resources. Due to environmental issues related to greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollution in Pakistan, the other energy resources are constricted. In rural areas, biomass resources are a fundamental need for domestic purposes. The prominent reason for environmental degradation and deforestation is due to ineffective use of such resources. Biomass resources for heating and cooking purposes are abundantly available in rural areas of Pakistan. In this context, this study helps us select the applicable cookstove technologies for the Sindh province for the proper utilization of biomass resources. The AHP (analytical hierarchy process) was used as the central methodology for the cookstove ranking. Concerning its improvement, four main criteria corresponding to 12 sub-criteria were considered for the selection of three cookstove technologies, i.e., traditional cookstoves (TCS), efficient cookstoves (ECS), and biogas cookstoves (BCS). The final decision of the AHP framework exposed the ECS technology as the advantageous technology, followed by the BCS and TCS, respectively. To analyze the results, a sensitivity analysis of the major results has also been carried out, and under the final ranking matrix, the ECS alternative got the highest weightage, nearly 36.56%, based on the developed model.

Original language	English
Article number	11388
Number of pages	19
Journal	Sustainability
Volume	14
Issue number	18
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811388
Publication status	Published - 13 Sept 2022

Bibliographical note

Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).

Funding Information:
The authors would also like to acknowledge the Higher Education Commission, the Government of Pakistan, and the British Council for supporting this study under the Knowledge Economy Partnership Project (KEP-PK-046).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.

Funder

The authors would also like to acknowledge the Higher Education Commission, the Government of Pakistan, and the British Council for supporting this study under the Knowledge Economy Partnership Project (KEP-PK-046

Keywords

biomass energy
analytical hierarchy process;
cookstoves
sensitivity analysis;
Pakistan

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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title = "Assessment of Sustainable Biomass Energy Technologies in Pakistan Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process",

abstract = "Highlights: What are the main findings? Assessment of three cookstove technologies using the AHP. Technological, social, economic, and environmental criteria were evaluated. What is the implication of the main finding? The technologies were assessed using four main criteria corresponding to 12 sub-criteria. ECS technology is the most advantageous technology, followed by BCS and TCS. Pakistan is not merely confronting the energy crisis but also dealing with the scarcity of economical technologies for the utilization of energy resources. From the basic resources, renewable energy is one of the considerable resources. Due to environmental issues related to greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollution in Pakistan, the other energy resources are constricted. In rural areas, biomass resources are a fundamental need for domestic purposes. The prominent reason for environmental degradation and deforestation is due to ineffective use of such resources. Biomass resources for heating and cooking purposes are abundantly available in rural areas of Pakistan. In this context, this study helps us select the applicable cookstove technologies for the Sindh province for the proper utilization of biomass resources. The AHP (analytical hierarchy process) was used as the central methodology for the cookstove ranking. Concerning its improvement, four main criteria corresponding to 12 sub-criteria were considered for the selection of three cookstove technologies, i.e., traditional cookstoves (TCS), efficient cookstoves (ECS), and biogas cookstoves (BCS). The final decision of the AHP framework exposed the ECS technology as the advantageous technology, followed by the BCS and TCS, respectively. To analyze the results, a sensitivity analysis of the major results has also been carried out, and under the final ranking matrix, the ECS alternative got the highest weightage, nearly 36.56%, based on the developed model.",

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AU - Kumar, Laveet

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KW - biomass energy

KW - analytical hierarchy process;

KW - cookstoves

KW - sensitivity analysis;

KW - Pakistan

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Assessment of Sustainable Biomass Energy Technologies in Pakistan Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funder

Keywords

UN SDGs

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