Abstract
Flocks of animals represent a prominent archetype of collective behavior in the macroscopic classical world, where the constituents, such as birds, concertedly perform motions and actions as if being one single entity. Here, we address the so far open question of whether flocks can also form in the microscopic world at the quantum level. For that purpose, we introduce the concept of active quantum matter by formulating a class of models of active quantum particles on a one-dimensional lattice. We provide both analytical and large-scale numerical evidence that these systems can give rise to quantum flocks. A key finding is that these quantum flocks exhibit distinct quantum properties by developing strong quantum coherence over long distances. We propose that quantum flocks could be experimentally observed in Rydberg atom arrays.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 248302 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Physical Review Letters |
| Volume | 135 |
| Issue number | 24 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 10 Dec 2025 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2025 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by the Max Planck Society.
Funding
We acknowledge valuable discussions with Ricard Alert, Rainer Blatt, Alexander Eisfeld, Juan Garrahan, Michael Knap, Igor Lesanovsky, Frank Pollmann, Achim Rosch, and Johannes Zeiher. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 853443), and M. H. further acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft via the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize program. Parts of the numerical simulations were performed at the Max Planck Computing and Data Facility in Garching.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| European Research Council | |
| Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft | |
| Horizon Europe | 853443 |