A Review of Pathology and Analysis of Approaches to Easing Kidney Disease Impact: Host-Pathogen Communication and Biomedical Visualization Perspective: Advanced Microscopy and Visualization of Host-Pathogen Communication

Introduction: In addition to affecting the upper respiratory tract, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2) can target kidneys resulting in disease impact. There is a lack of effective treatment for SARs-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, and so one approach could be to consider to lower the probable risk and onset of disease amongst immunocompromised and immunosuppressed individuals and patients. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) has a promising impact including acting against SARs-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 symptoms. Current literature states that ACE2 is expressed across several physiological systems, including the lungs, cardiovascular, gut, kidneys, and central nervous, and across endothelia. Aims: This chapter seeks to investigate causes and potential mechanisms during SARS infection (CoV-2), renal interaction, and the effects of acute kidney Injury (AKI). Objectives: This chapter will provide an overview of microscopy and visualization of host–pathogen communication and principles of ACE2 in the context of immunology and impact on renal pathophysiology. Design: This chapter focuses to provide basic principles of ACE2 and the analysis and effect of immunology and pathological components important in relation to SARs infection. Discussion: There has been a surge in literature surrounding mechanisms attributing to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 action on immune response to pathogens. There is an advantage to implementing ACE2 treatment to improve immune response against infection. Conclusion: ACE2 may provide appropriate strategies for the management of symptoms that relate to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in most immunocompromised or immunosuppressed patients. Visualization of ACE2 action can be achieved through microscopy to understand host–pathogen communication.