A Glucose Sensing System Based on Transmission Measurements at Millimetre Waves using Micro strip Patch Antennas

Shimul C.  Saha; Helena Cano-Garcia; Ioannis  Sotiriou; Oliver  Lipscombe; Ioannis  Gouzouasis; Maria Koutsoupidou; George  Palikaras; Richard Mackenzie; Thomas  Reeve; Panagiotis Kosmas; Efthymios Kallos

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-06926-1

A Glucose Sensing System Based on Transmission Measurements at Millimetre Waves using Micro strip Patch Antennas

Shimul C. Saha, Helena Cano-Garcia, Ioannis Sotiriou, Oliver Lipscombe, Ioannis Gouzouasis, Maria Koutsoupidou, George Palikaras, Richard Mackenzie, Thomas Reeve, Panagiotis Kosmas, Efthymios Kallos

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Abstract

We present a sensing system operating at millimetre (mm) waves in transmission mode that can measure glucose level changes based on the complex permittivity changes across the signal path. The permittivity of a sample can change significantly as the concentration of one of its substances varies: for example, blood permittivity depends on the blood glucose levels. The proposed sensing system uses two facing microstrip patch antennas operating at 60 GHz, which are placed across interrogated samples. The measured transmission coefficient depends on the permittivity change along the signal path, which can be correlated to the change in concentration of a substance. Along with theoretical estimations, we experimentally demonstrate the sensing performance of the system using controlled laboratory samples, such as water-based glucose-loaded liquid samples. We also present results of successful glucose spike detection in humans during an in-vivo Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT). The system could eventually be developed into a non-invasive glucose monitor for continuous monitoring of glucose levels for people living with diabetes, as it can detect as small as 1.33 mmol/l (0.025 wt%) glucose concentrations in the controlled water-based samples satisfactorily, which is well below the typical human glucose levels of 4 mmol/l.

Original language	English
Article number	6855
Number of pages	141
Journal	Scientific Reports
Volume	76
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06926-1
Publication status	Published - 31 Jul 2017
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Tis work was fnancially supported in part by Innovate UK under Projects 131618 and 132040

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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title = "A Glucose Sensing System Based on Transmission Measurements at Millimetre Waves using Micro strip Patch Antennas",

abstract = "We present a sensing system operating at millimetre (mm) waves in transmission mode that can measure glucose level changes based on the complex permittivity changes across the signal path. The permittivity of a sample can change significantly as the concentration of one of its substances varies: for example, blood permittivity depends on the blood glucose levels. The proposed sensing system uses two facing microstrip patch antennas operating at 60 GHz, which are placed across interrogated samples. The measured transmission coefficient depends on the permittivity change along the signal path, which can be correlated to the change in concentration of a substance. Along with theoretical estimations, we experimentally demonstrate the sensing performance of the system using controlled laboratory samples, such as water-based glucose-loaded liquid samples. We also present results of successful glucose spike detection in humans during an in-vivo Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT). The system could eventually be developed into a non-invasive glucose monitor for continuous monitoring of glucose levels for people living with diabetes, as it can detect as small as 1.33 mmol/l (0.025 wt%) glucose concentrations in the controlled water-based samples satisfactorily, which is well below the typical human glucose levels of 4 mmol/l.",

author = "Saha, {Shimul C.} and Helena Cano-Garcia and Ioannis Sotiriou and Oliver Lipscombe and Ioannis Gouzouasis and Maria Koutsoupidou and George Palikaras and Richard Mackenzie and Thomas Reeve and Panagiotis Kosmas and Efthymios Kallos",

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AU - Gouzouasis, Ioannis

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AU - Reeve, Thomas

AU - Kosmas, Panagiotis

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PY - 2017/7/31

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N2 - We present a sensing system operating at millimetre (mm) waves in transmission mode that can measure glucose level changes based on the complex permittivity changes across the signal path. The permittivity of a sample can change significantly as the concentration of one of its substances varies: for example, blood permittivity depends on the blood glucose levels. The proposed sensing system uses two facing microstrip patch antennas operating at 60 GHz, which are placed across interrogated samples. The measured transmission coefficient depends on the permittivity change along the signal path, which can be correlated to the change in concentration of a substance. Along with theoretical estimations, we experimentally demonstrate the sensing performance of the system using controlled laboratory samples, such as water-based glucose-loaded liquid samples. We also present results of successful glucose spike detection in humans during an in-vivo Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT). The system could eventually be developed into a non-invasive glucose monitor for continuous monitoring of glucose levels for people living with diabetes, as it can detect as small as 1.33 mmol/l (0.025 wt%) glucose concentrations in the controlled water-based samples satisfactorily, which is well below the typical human glucose levels of 4 mmol/l.

AB - We present a sensing system operating at millimetre (mm) waves in transmission mode that can measure glucose level changes based on the complex permittivity changes across the signal path. The permittivity of a sample can change significantly as the concentration of one of its substances varies: for example, blood permittivity depends on the blood glucose levels. The proposed sensing system uses two facing microstrip patch antennas operating at 60 GHz, which are placed across interrogated samples. The measured transmission coefficient depends on the permittivity change along the signal path, which can be correlated to the change in concentration of a substance. Along with theoretical estimations, we experimentally demonstrate the sensing performance of the system using controlled laboratory samples, such as water-based glucose-loaded liquid samples. We also present results of successful glucose spike detection in humans during an in-vivo Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT). The system could eventually be developed into a non-invasive glucose monitor for continuous monitoring of glucose levels for people living with diabetes, as it can detect as small as 1.33 mmol/l (0.025 wt%) glucose concentrations in the controlled water-based samples satisfactorily, which is well below the typical human glucose levels of 4 mmol/l.

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A Glucose Sensing System Based on Transmission Measurements at Millimetre Waves using Micro strip Patch Antennas

Abstract

Bibliographical note

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UN SDGs

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