A comparative study on effective density, shape factor, and volatile mixing of non-spherical particles using tandem aerodynamic diameter, mobility diameter, and mass measurements

Mohsen Kazemimanesh; Md Mostafizur Rahman; Dumitru Duca; Tyler J. Johnson; Ahmed Addad; George Giannopoulos; Cristian Focsa; Adam M. Boies

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105930

A comparative study on effective density, shape factor, and volatile mixing of non-spherical particles using tandem aerodynamic diameter, mobility diameter, and mass measurements

Mohsen Kazemimanesh, Md Mostafizur Rahman, Dumitru Duca, Tyler J. Johnson, Ahmed Addad, George Giannopoulos, Cristian Focsa, Adam M. Boies

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

15 Citations (Scopus)

4 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Combustion-generated particles are typically non-spherical (soot aggregates) and sometimes mixed with organic compounds (e.g. in vehicle emissions). The effective density, dynamic shape factor, and volatile mixing of particles are widely studied using aerosol instruments that measure the particle mobility diameter, aerodynamic diameter, and mass. In theory, any of these three physical properties can be obtained from a combination of the other two. In the present study, a tandem arrangement of aerodynamic aerosol classifier (AAC; measuring aerodynamic diameter), differential mobility analyzer (DMA; measuring mobility diameter), optional catalytic stripper (CS), and centrifugal particle mass analyzer (CPMA; measuring particle mass) was used to study the effective density, dynamic shape factor, and volatile mixing of non-spherical non-homogenous particles. In terms of mass, the vast majority of the particles were purely semi-volatile mixed with soot with and without semi-volatile coating. The effective density of polydisperse non-stripped particles was relatively constant (indicating nearly spherical particles), while that of polydisperse stripped particles decreased from ∼1200 to ∼800 kg/m³ as the particle size increased (indicating a compact structure). The effective density of monodisperse particles, measured by DMA-CPMA, AAC-DMA, and AAC-CPMA methods, was consistent within the measurement uncertainty; however, the latter method had larger discrepancy with the other two methods, particularly for non-spherical particles. The dynamic shape factor, measured by AAC-CPMA and DMA-CPMA methods, increased with the mobility diameter, a trend also supported by electron micrographs. The volatile mass fraction of particles decreased as their mobility diameter increased, with smaller particles having volatile mass fraction of ∼20%. This result was further confirmed by chemical characterization of size-selected particles, proving the robustness of online aerosol measurements.

Original language	English
Article number	105930
Number of pages	20
Journal	Journal of Aerosol Science
Volume	161
Early online date	13 Dec 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105930
Publication status	Published - Mar 2022
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Aerosol Science. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Aerosol Science, 161 (2022)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105930

© 2021, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Funder

This project has received funding as a part of the PEMS4Nano project from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement no. 724145 . Additionally, this work was supported by the UK EPSRC Center for Sustainable Road Freight ( EP/R035199/1 ) and NERC Integrated Research Observation System for Clean Air ( NE/T001909/1 ).

Funding Information:
The authors wish to acknowledge contributions of equipment and time from our PEMS4Nano partners, Bosch GmbH, TSI Inc. and Horiba Ltd. The TEM facility in Lille, France is supported by the Conseil Régional des Hauts-de-France and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).

Funding

This project has received funding as a part of the PEMS4Nano project from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement no. 724145 . Additionally, this work was supported by the UK EPSRC Center for Sustainable Road Freight ( EP/R035199/1 ) and NERC Integrated Research Observation System for Clean Air ( NE/T001909/1 ). The authors wish to acknowledge contributions of equipment and time from our PEMS4Nano partners, Bosch GmbH, TSI Inc. and Horiba Ltd. The TEM facility in Lille, France is supported by the Conseil Régional des Hauts-de-France and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).

Funders	Funder number
EPSRC Center for Sustainable Road Freight	EP/R035199/1
Natural Environment Research Council	NE/T001909/1
Horizon Europe	724145
European Regional Development Fund
Conseil Régional Hauts-de-France

Keywords

Tandem measurement
Effective density
Dynamic shape factor
Volatile mixing
Non-spherical
Soot

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Environmental Engineering
Pollution
Mechanical Engineering
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Atmospheric Science

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105930

Cite this

Kazemimanesh, M., Rahman, M. M., Duca, D., Johnson, T. J., Addad, A., Giannopoulos, G., Focsa, C., & Boies, A. M. (2022). A comparative study on effective density, shape factor, and volatile mixing of non-spherical particles using tandem aerodynamic diameter, mobility diameter, and mass measurements. Journal of Aerosol Science, 161, Article 105930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105930

A comparative study on effective density, shape factor, and volatile mixing of non-spherical particles using tandem aerodynamic diameter, mobility diameter, and mass measurements. / Kazemimanesh, Mohsen; Rahman, Md Mostafizur; Duca, Dumitru et al.
In: Journal of Aerosol Science, Vol. 161, 105930, 03.2022.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Kazemimanesh, M, Rahman, MM, Duca, D, Johnson, TJ, Addad, A, Giannopoulos, G, Focsa, C & Boies, AM 2022, 'A comparative study on effective density, shape factor, and volatile mixing of non-spherical particles using tandem aerodynamic diameter, mobility diameter, and mass measurements', Journal of Aerosol Science, vol. 161, 105930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105930

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keywords = "Tandem measurement, Effective density, Dynamic shape factor, Volatile mixing, Non-spherical, Soot",

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note = "NOTICE: this is the author{\textquoteright}s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Aerosol Science. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Aerosol Science, 161 (2022) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105930 {\textcopyright} 2021, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ",

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AU - Duca, Dumitru

AU - Johnson, Tyler J.

AU - Addad, Ahmed

AU - Giannopoulos, George

AU - Focsa, Cristian

AU - Boies, Adam M.

N1 - NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Aerosol Science. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Aerosol Science, 161 (2022) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105930 © 2021, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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N2 - Combustion-generated particles are typically non-spherical (soot aggregates) and sometimes mixed with organic compounds (e.g. in vehicle emissions). The effective density, dynamic shape factor, and volatile mixing of particles are widely studied using aerosol instruments that measure the particle mobility diameter, aerodynamic diameter, and mass. In theory, any of these three physical properties can be obtained from a combination of the other two. In the present study, a tandem arrangement of aerodynamic aerosol classifier (AAC; measuring aerodynamic diameter), differential mobility analyzer (DMA; measuring mobility diameter), optional catalytic stripper (CS), and centrifugal particle mass analyzer (CPMA; measuring particle mass) was used to study the effective density, dynamic shape factor, and volatile mixing of non-spherical non-homogenous particles. In terms of mass, the vast majority of the particles were purely semi-volatile mixed with soot with and without semi-volatile coating. The effective density of polydisperse non-stripped particles was relatively constant (indicating nearly spherical particles), while that of polydisperse stripped particles decreased from ∼1200 to ∼800 kg/m3 as the particle size increased (indicating a compact structure). The effective density of monodisperse particles, measured by DMA-CPMA, AAC-DMA, and AAC-CPMA methods, was consistent within the measurement uncertainty; however, the latter method had larger discrepancy with the other two methods, particularly for non-spherical particles. The dynamic shape factor, measured by AAC-CPMA and DMA-CPMA methods, increased with the mobility diameter, a trend also supported by electron micrographs. The volatile mass fraction of particles decreased as their mobility diameter increased, with smaller particles having volatile mass fraction of ∼20%. This result was further confirmed by chemical characterization of size-selected particles, proving the robustness of online aerosol measurements.

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A comparative study on effective density, shape factor, and volatile mixing of non-spherical particles using tandem aerodynamic diameter, mobility diameter, and mass measurements

Abstract

Bibliographical note

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Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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