A cluster randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Intermediate Care Clinics for Diabetes (ICCD): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

N. Armstrong; Darrin Baines; R. Baker; R. Crossman; M. Davies; A. Hardy; K. Khunti; S. Kumar; J.P. O’Hare; N. Raymond; P. Saravanan; N. Stallard; Ala Szczepura; A. Wilson; ICCD Study Group

doi:10.1186/1745-6215-13-164

A cluster randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Intermediate Care Clinics for Diabetes (ICCD): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

N. Armstrong, Darrin Baines, R. Baker, R. Crossman, M. Davies, A. Hardy, K. Khunti, S. Kumar, J.P. O’Hare, N. Raymond, P. Saravanan, N. Stallard, Ala Szczepura, A. Wilson, ICCD Study Group

School of Health and Care

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Citations (Scopus)

52 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Background: World-wide healthcare systems are faced with an epidemic of type 2 diabetes. In the United Kingdom, clinical care is primarily provided by general practitioners (GPs) rather than hospital specialists. Intermediate care clinics for diabetes (ICCD) potentially provide a model for supporting GPs in their care of people with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and in their management of cardiovascular risk factors. This study aims to (1) compare patients with type 2 diabetes registered with practices that have access to an ICCD service with those that have access only to usual hospital care; (2) assess the cost-effectiveness of the intervention; and (3) explore the views and experiences of patients, health professionals and other stakeholders. Methods/Design: This two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial (with integral economic evaluation and qualitative study) is set in general practices in three UK Primary Care Trusts. Practices are randomized to one of two groups with patients referred to either an ICCD (intervention) or to hospital care (control). Intervention group: GP practices in the intervention arm have the opportunity to refer patients to an ICCD - a multidisciplinary team led by a specialist nurse and a diabetologist. Patients are reviewed and managed in the ICCD for a short period with a goal of improving diabetes and cardiovascular risk factor control and are then referred back to practice. or Control group: Standard GP care, with referral to secondary care as required, but no access to ICCD. Participants are adults aged 18 years or older who have type 2 diabetes that is difficult for their GPs to control. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants reaching three risk factor targets: HbA1c (≤7.0%); blood pressure (

Original language	English
Article number	164
Journal	Trials
Volume	13
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-13-164
Publication status	Published - 12 Sept 2012

Bibliographical note

This project is funded by the National Institute for Health Research Service Delivery and Organization Programme (project number SDO/110/2005). The authors would like to acknowledge the additional flexibility and sustainability funding provided by NHS Leicester City, Thames Valley Diabetes Research Network (TVDRN), CLRN (West Midlands South) and DIERT charity. Please note Coventry author Dr Baines was working at the University of Warwick at the time of publication.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Keywords

Type 2 diabetes
Models of care
Intermediate care clinic
Cardiovascular risk
Multidisciplinary team
General practitioners
Community care
Hospital interface

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1186/1745-6215-13-164Licence: CC BY

1745-6215-13-164Final published version, 304 KBLicence: CC BY

1 Finished

Evaluation of Intermediate Care Clinics for Diabetes (ICCD). [FUNDER: Service Delivery & Organisation (SDO) Programme].
Wlson, A. (Principal Investigator), Szczepura, A. (Co-Investigator), Khunti, K. (Co-Investigator), Baker, R. H. (Co-Investigator), Raymond, N. T. (Co-Investigator), Kumar , S. (Co-Investigator), Gumber, A. K. (Co-Investigator), Dale, J. (Co-Investigator) & Davies, M. J. (Co-Investigator)
1/01/07 → 31/12/12
Project: Project at former HEI

6 Citations
1 Article

Evaluation of the clinical and cost effectiveness of intermediate care clinics for diabetes (ICCD): a multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial
Wilson, A., O’Hare, J. P., Hardy, A., Raymond, N., Szczepura, A., Crossman, R., Baines, D., Khunti, K., Kumar, S., Saravanan, P. & ICCD trial group, 15 Apr 2014, In: PLoS ONE. 9, 4, e93964.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Open Access
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24 Citations (Scopus)

49 Downloads (Pure)

Cite this

Armstrong, N., Baines, D., Baker, R., Crossman, R., Davies, M., Hardy, A., Khunti, K., Kumar, S., O’Hare, J. P., Raymond, N., Saravanan, P., Stallard, N., Szczepura, A., Wilson, A., & ICCD Study Group (2012). A cluster randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Intermediate Care Clinics for Diabetes (ICCD): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 13, Article 164. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-13-164

Armstrong, N, Baines, D, Baker, R, Crossman, R, Davies, M, Hardy, A, Khunti, K, Kumar, S, O’Hare, JP, Raymond, N, Saravanan, P, Stallard, N, Szczepura, A, Wilson, A & ICCD Study Group 2012, 'A cluster randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Intermediate Care Clinics for Diabetes (ICCD): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial', Trials, vol. 13, 164. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-13-164

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AU - Crossman, R.

AU - Davies, M.

AU - Hardy, A.

AU - Khunti, K.

AU - Kumar, S.

AU - O’Hare, J.P.

AU - Raymond, N.

AU - Saravanan, P.

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AU - Szczepura, Ala

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AU - ICCD Study Group

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KW - Type 2 diabetes

KW - Models of care

KW - Intermediate care clinic

KW - Cardiovascular risk

KW - Multidisciplinary team

KW - General practitioners

KW - Community care

KW - Hospital interface

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DO - 10.1186/1745-6215-13-164

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M1 - 164

ER -

A cluster randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Intermediate Care Clinics for Diabetes (ICCD): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Projects

Evaluation of Intermediate Care Clinics for Diabetes (ICCD). [FUNDER: Service Delivery & Organisation (SDO) Programme].

Research output

Evaluation of the clinical and cost effectiveness of intermediate care clinics for diabetes (ICCD): a multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial

Cite this