Integrating cyber awareness in government and private sector networks for cooperative critical underwater infrastructure protection

In the context of hybrid warfare, the subsea cables carrying around 99% of global internet traffic are vulnerable to both physical and cyber threats. Hostile state actors have demonstrated capabilities to disrupt terrestrial cable connections, conduct electronic jamming, and employ subsea drones and surface vessels for potential interference. NATO and the EU have high-level awareness of protecting undersea cable infrastructure as critical. However, there is a need to continually review and strengthen the mechanisms by which information is shared and deepen NATO-EU cooperation to develop robust collective security frameworks within the context of crisis management. This workshop will examine key cyber-physical vulnerabilities facing North Atlantic undersea cable networks through the lens of hybrid warfare tactics with a particular focus on the United Kingdom and Ireland. By convening experts across domains, the event will facilitate a shared understanding of the threat landscape, identify gaps, and assess existing EU-NATO policies and jurisdictional authorities related to securing this vital infrastructure. The primary objectives are to identify gaps and opportunities to enhance coordination and networking between the two organizations, develop consensus around crisis management, and provide recommendations for bolstering cooperative cyber defence and maritime domain awareness capabilities to safeguard undersea cables against potential disruptions.